Intro to Neoplasia, Pathology and Chemotherapy Flashcards
What is the median age of Cancer diagnosis?
67
Neoplasm
new growth, may be benign or malignant
Tumor
nonspecific term meaning lump or swelling
Cancer
any MALIGNANT neoplasm
Hyperplasia
an increase in organ or tissue size due to an increase in the number of cells
Metaplasia
an adaptive, substitution of one type of adult tissue to another type of adult tissue
Dysplasia
an abnormal cellular proliferation is which there is a loss of normal architecture
Anaplasia
a loss of structural differentiation. Cells differentiate
Carcinoma
malignant neoplasm of squamous epithelial cell origin
Adenocarcinoma
adeno=gland
malignant neoplasm derived from glandular tissue
Sarcoma
malignant neoplasm with origin in mesenchymal tissues or its derivatives
example: bone, muscle, fat
Lymphoma and Leukemia
malignant neoplasms of hematopoietic tissues
Melanoma
type of cancer of pigment producing cells in the skin or the eye
Blastoma
malignancies in precursor cells, often called blasts, which are more common in children
Teratoma
a germ cell neoplasm made of several different differentiated cell/tissue types
Myeloid leukemias
common myeloid progenitor
Lymphocytic leukemias
common lymphoid progenitor
Lymphomas
small lymphocyte–>T lymphocyte and B lymphocyte–> plasma cell
Stage 0
In situ carcinoma, no sign of local invasion
Stage 1
microscopic invasion of surrounding tissue
Stage 2
4-9 Surrounding Lymph nodes are involved
Stage 3
10 or more surrounding lymph nodes are involved
Stage 4
Distant metastases are detected
What is the numerical staging system based on?
largely based on tumor size, location, and number
Primary tumor
T
TX
Primary tumor cannot be evaluated
T0
No evidence of primary tumor
Tis
Carcinoma In Situ: Abnormal cells are present but have not spread to neighboring tissue; although not cancer, CIS may become cancer and is sometimes called preinvasive cancer
T1, T2, T3, T4
Size and/or extent of invasion of the primary tumor
Regional Lymph Nodes
N