Intro to Neoplasia Flashcards
1
Q
Definitions:
- Neoplasia
- Tumor
A
-
Neoplasia:
- an abnormal mass of tissue, the growth of which exceeds and is uncoordinated with that of the normal tissues and persists in the same excessive manner after cessation of the stimuli which evoked the change
- Tumor: “swelling”
2
Q
How is a neoplasia different than hyperplasia?
A
neoplasia: unregulated, irreversible, monoclonal
- hyperplasia: regulated, reversible and polyclonal
3
Q
Tumors: Benign vs. Malignant
A
-
Benign
- “-oma”
- Usually resemble normal tissue
- Slow growth rate
- Non-invasive, encapsulated
- Do not metastasize
-
Malignant
- Carcinomas or sarcomas
- Vary from resembling normal tissue to extremely different
- Variable growth rate
- Usually invasive
- Capable of metastasizing
4
Q
Cell of origin: Epithelial
A
- Usually arise from ecto- or endoderm
- Squamous, glandular/ductal, respiratory, and transitional epithelium, liver cells, and basal cells of skin/adnexa
- May be benign or malignant:
- Colonic tubular adenoma
- Colonic adenocarcinoma
- Further classified based on architecture:
- Papillary
- Villous
5
Q
Cell of Origin: Mesenchymal
A
- Arise from mesoderm
- Fibroblasts, adipocytes, smooth/skeletal muscle, bone, cartilage, blood vessels
- May be benign or malignant:
- Lipoma
- Liposarcoma
6
Q
Cell of Origin: Mesenchymal
Nomenclature
A
- Fibro-
- Lipo-
- Leio-
- Rhabdomyo-
- Osteo-
- Chondro-
- Angio-
7
Q
Cell of Origin: Hematolymphoid
A
- Lymphoma
- Leukemias
- Plasmacytoma
- Pseudolymphoma
- Malignant tumors
- Almost always malignant
8
Q
Cell of origin: Melanocytes
A
- Melanocytic
- Neural crest origin
- May be benign or malignant:
- Nevus
- Melanoma
9
Q
Benign epithelial tumors
A
- Squamous papilloma
- Adenomas (glandular epithelium)
- Tubular adenoma
- Ovarian mucinous cystadenoma
10
Q
Benign mesenchymal tumors
A
- Lipoma (adipose tissue)
- Leiomyoma (smooth muscle)
- Hemangioma (blood vessels)
11
Q
Benign mixed tumors:
A
Epithelial and mesenchymal components
- Pleomorphic adenoma
Teratomas
- Predominately benign tumors
- Composed of tissue derived from multiple germ layers
- totipotent cells (as opposed to previous tumors)
- Composed of tissue derived from multiple germ layers
12
Q
Malignant epithelial tumors
A
- Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
- Prostatic adenocarcinoma
- Urethelial carcinoma (bladder)
13
Q
Malignant mesenchymal tumors
A
- Osteosarcoma
- Myxoid liposarcoma
14
Q
Mixed Malignant Tumors
A
Carcinosarcoma of Endometrium (MMMT)
15
Q
Tumor-like conditions: May mimic tumors clinically
A
-
Hamartoma
- Mass of disorganized, mature tissue which is specific to the site of development
- Represent anomalous development
- Example: lung hamartoma
-
Choriostoma
- Ectopic tissue in a foreign location
- Example: Gastric heterotopia