Intro to Naming Structures

Question 1

What is the IUPAC name for the following structure:

Answer 1

1-iodomethane

The prefix “meth” = 1 carbon

The common name would just be iodomethane

Question 2

What is the IUPAC name for the following structure:

Answer 2

1-bromoethane

The prefix “eth” = 2 carbons

The common name is just bromoethane

Question 3

What is the IUPAC name for the following structure:

Answer 3

1-fluoropropane

The prefix “prop” = 3 carbons

The common name is just fluoropropane

Question 4

What is the IUPAC name for the following structure:

Answer 4

1-chlorobutane

The prefix “but” = 4 carbons

The common name is just chlorobutane

Question 5

What is the IUPAC name for the following structure:

Answer 5

2-chloropropane

The common name is isopropyl chloride (the structure is a chlorine atom covalently bonded to the #2 carbon of an isopropyl group)

Question 6

What is the IUPAC name for the following structure:

Answer 6

2-bromobutane

The common name is secbutyl bromide (the structure is a butyl group with a bromine substituent covalently bonded to the second carbon)

Question 7

What is the IUPAC name for the following structure:

Answer 7

1-chloro-2,2-dimethylpropane

The common name is neopentyl chloride (the structure is a neopentyl group covalently bonded to chlorine at a terminal carbon)

Question 8

What is the IUPAC name for the following structure:

Answer 8

1-iodo-2-methylbutane

The common name is isopropyl iodide (the structure is an isopropyl group covalently bonded to iodine at the #2 carbon)

Question 9

What is the molecular/electronic geometry for the following molecule: H₂C=O

What are the hybridization states for each atom? (besides H)

Also, note the bond angles around the central atom

Answer 9

The molecular and electronic geometries of this molecule are trigonal planar due to the sp² hybridization of the carbon atom, giving bond angles of 120 degrees.

Question 10

What is the molecular/electronic geometry for the following molecule: CH₃⁺, why is this important when considering the stereoselectivity of certain reactions?

What are the hybridization states of the atoms? (Besides H)

Answer 10

The molecular and electronic geometries of this molecular are trigonal planar. This is due to the sp² hybridization state (remember that + charges DO NOT count as a group when determining the hybridization state) of the central carbon atom, giving bond angles of 120 degrees. This allows for a nucleophile to approach the localized charge from either face, resulting in the racemization of the products.

Question 11

What does the Greek prefix “prop-“ signify in organic chemistry?

Answer 11

Three carbons

Question 12

What does the Greek prefix “pent-“ signify in organic chemistry?

Answer 12

Five carbons

Question 13

What does the Greek prefix “meth-“ signify in organic chemistry?

Answer 13

One carbon

Question 14

What does the Greek prefix “but-“ signify in organic chemistry?

Answer 14

Four carbons

Question 15

What does the Greek prefix “nona-“ signify in organic chemistry?

Answer 15

Nine carbons

Question 16

What does the Greek prefix “eth-“ signify in organic chemistry?

Answer 16

Two carbons

Question 17

What does the Greek prefix “hex-“ signify in organic chemistry?

Answer 17

Six carbons

Question 18

What does the Greek prefix “oct-“ signify in organic chemistry?

Answer 18

Eight carbons

Question 19

What does the Greek prefix “undec-“ signify in organic chemistry?

Answer 19

Eleven carbons

Question 20

What does the Greek prefix “hept-“ signify in organic chemistry?

Answer 20

Seven carbons

Question 21

What does the Greek prefix “dec-“ signify in organic chemistry?

Answer 21

Ten carbons