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Anatomy > Intro to Myology and Arthrology > Flashcards

Intro to Myology and Arthrology Flashcards

1
Q

Where 2 or more bones connect (come together) Designed for movement

A

Joint (Articulation)

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2
Q

Types of Joints

A

1) Fibrous a) Sutures b) Syndesmosis 2) Cartilaginous 3) Synovial

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3
Q

Joint connected by fibrous tissue

A

Fibrous Joint

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4
Q

A type of Fibrous Joint

Only occurs in Skull

Limited Movement

A

Sutures

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5
Q

A type of Fibrous Joint

Bones connected by a sheet of fibrous tissue

Ex. Radius and Ulna

A

Syndesmosis

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6
Q

Joint connected by cartilage (or a combination of cartilage and fibrous tissue)

Ex. Ribs to Sternum, Intervertebral Disks, Pubic Symphysis

A

Cartilaginous Joint

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7
Q

Composed of (1) a Joint Cavity, (2) Articular Cartilage, (3) a Joint Capsule.

Most common joint type

A

Synovial Joint

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8
Q

Space between two articulating surfaces

A

Joint Cavity

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9
Q

Shiny, whitish connective tissue on the articulating surface of a bone

Protects bone, absorbs shock and allows for movement

No nerves, no blood vessels

Usually Hyaline Cartilage

A

Articular Cartilage

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10
Q

Surrounds and lines a joint

Produces Synovial Fluid

A

Joint Capsule

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11
Q

Lubricant for synovial joints that minimizes friction between the two articulating surfaces

A

Synovial Fluid

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12
Q

Types of Synovial Joints

A

1) Condyloid (Ellipsoid) 2) Saddle 3) Ball and Socket 4) Plane 5) Pivot 6) Hinge

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13
Q

Biaxial

Flexion/Extension, Abduction/Adduction

Rounded, irregular (longer in one direction than the other) articulating surface in a shallow facet.

Ex. Knuckles

A

Condyloid (Ellipsoid) Joint

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14
Q

Biaxial

Opposing surfaces shaped like saddles

Ex. Thumb

A

Saddle Joint

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15
Q

Multiaxial

Rounded (spheroidal) surface that articulates in a cup-like socket

Ex. Hip, Shoulder

A

Ball and Socket Joint

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16
Q

Most are Uniaxial

Joint surfaces are flat (or almost flat)

Gliding or sliding movement

Ex. Acromioclavicular (Collar bone) Joint

A

Plane Joint

17
Q

Uniaxial

Joint in which a rounded process rotates within a sleeve or ring

Ex. C1-C2

A

Pivot Joint

18
Q

Uniaxial (Flexion/Extension)

Joint that is shaped like a hinge

Ex. Humeroulnar (Elbow) Joint

A

Hinge (Ginglymus) Joint

19
Q

Joint position in which ligaments and the joint capsule are tight

Maximal articular surface contact

Increased stability, decreased mobility

A

Close-Packed Joint Position

20
Q

Joint position in which ligaments and the joint capsule are loose

Maximal joint space

Increased mobility, decreased stability

A

Loose-Packed Joint Position

21
Q

Sac or envelopes filled with synovial fluid

Normally flat, unless inflammed

Reduce friction

Located between: tendons and boney projections, tendons and other tendons, bone and overlying skin

A

Bursa (pl. Bursae)

22
Q

Connective tissue that runs throughout the body providing structure and support

A

Fascia

23
Q

Connects bone to bone

Checks (restricts) a movement, preventing excessive movement.

A

Ligaments

24
Q

Connects muscle to bone

A

Tendons

25
Q

Where a tendon connects to a muscle

A

Musculotendious Junction (MTJ)

26
Q

Where a tendon connect to a bone

A

Tendoperiosteal Junction

27
Q

Sheet-like Tendon

Ex. Sole of the foot

A

Aponeurosis

28
Q

Tissue that creates, via contraction, movement in the body.

A

Muscle

29
Q

Central Portion of a Muscle

A

Muscle Belly

30
Q

One of at least 2 extensions of a particular muscle belly that attaches via its own tendon

A

Muscle Head

31
Q

Primary muscle causing a desired movement

A

Agonist (Prime Mover)

32
Q

Muscle that opposes a specific action

A

Antagonist

33
Q

Muscles that stabilize joints proximal to a specific action

Ex. Low back muscles stabilize trunk so that hip flexors and lift the leg

A

Stabilizers (Fixators)

34
Q

Muscles that work to assist Agonist (Prime Mover) in a given action

A

Synargists

35
Q

Force generated by a muscle is sufficient to overcome resistance

Muscle shortens

A

Concentric Contraction

36
Q

Force generated by a muscle is insufficient to overcome resistance

Muscle lengthens

A

Eccentric Contraction

37
Q

“Equal Measure”

Force generated by a muscle is equal to resistance

Muscle remains the same length

A

Isometric Contraction

Anatomy (4 decks)

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