Intro to MSK Exam Flashcards
which should you evaluate first AROM or PROM? why?
AROM. doing AROM first can show ROM as it relates to muscles, tendons, bones, ligaments. limited PROM indicates an issue due to joint structure.
ligament
connects bone to bone
tendon
muscle to bone
name the 5 types of joints (give an example)
- pivot (where radius articulates w/ humerus)
- ball and socket (shoulder
- hinge (elbow)
- condyloid (patella)
- saddle (wrist)
articulation
where two bones come together in a joint
bursae
fluid-filled sacs that provide cushioning for bones/cartilage w/i joint
what are the 3 main factors that affect muscle size/strength?
- genetics
- exercise
- nutrition
at what age is bone growth complete?
~20
at what age have you acheived peak bone mass?
~35
what are 3 major changes in the anatomy and physiology of a geriatric patient?
- loss of bone density (at risk for fractures)
- joint cartilage deteriorates (mobility lessens)
- muscle mass decreases (decreased strength, reaction speed, endurance)
why do you need to examine joints above and below pt’s joint of concern?
referred pain may be present, need to evaluate potential of problems that are causing pain in referred location.
what 4 structures/qualities are assessed during inspection in the MSK exam?
- skin and soft tissues
- gait
- extremities
- muscles
what 5 factors are you assessing during palaption of the bones/joints/surrounding muscles in the MSK exam?
- warmth
- tenderness
- swelling
- fluctuation (fluid felt under the skin)
- crepitus (during ROM)
what 6 factors should you note when assessing ROM in the MSK exam?
- pain
- limitations
- spasticity
- joint instability
- deformity
- contracture
what are the 7 movements that you should isolate for testing ROM?
- ABduction
- ADduction
- felxion
- Extension
- Int/Ext rotation
- Supination
- Pronation
***Not all joints will do all of these movements
how might AROM and PROM exam findings be different in the MSK exam?
PROM may exceed AROM by 5 degrees
***HOWEVER: AROM/PROM should be equal bilaterally
describe the rating scale for measuring muscle function
scale is from 0-5
5: normal strength (for THAT pt.)
4: slightly decreased
3: movement against gravity only
2: movement when gravity eliminated
1: no movement, slight contractility
0: no firing of muscle fibers at all
what does “movement when gravity is eliminated mean”? how would you test this during muscle strength testing?
movement of joint perpendicular to the force of gravity. may be helpful to move pt. on their side to “eliminate” gravity
carrying angle of elbow
angle of the forearm when the patient when the patient is carryings something
