Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Modalities > Intro to Modalities + Tissue Healing > Flashcards

Intro to Modalities + Tissue Healing Flashcards

1
Q

what are therapeutic modalities?

A

energy and material applied to a patient to assist in their rehabilitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is another name for therapeutic modalities?

A

physical agents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are some types of physical agents?

A

heat
cold
water
pressure
sound
electromagnetic radiation
electrical currents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are modalities/physical agents primarily used for?

A

reduce tissue inflammation
accelerate tissue healing
pain management
alters collagen extensibility
modifies muscle tone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what role do modalities play in physical therapy?

A

as a tool that can be used in clinical intervention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

true or false: physical agents should be used in conjunction with other skilled therapeutic or educational interventions, NOT as the sole intervention

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the 3 categories of physical agents?

A

thermal
mechanical
electromagnetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are thermal agents?

A

agents that transfer energy to a patient to increase or decrease tissue temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are some examples of thermal agents?

A

ice packs
hot packs
ultrasound
whirlpool
diathermy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is cryotherapy?

A

the therapeutic application of cold (ice packs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is thermotherapy?

A

the therapeutic application of heat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is an ultrasound?

A

a mechanical form of energy composed of alternating compression and rarefaction waves + sound with a frequency greater than 20,000 cycles/second

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

true or false: an ultrasound has both thermal and nonthermal effects

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are mechanical agents?

A

agents that apply force to increase or decrease pressure on the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are some examples of mechanical agents?

A

water
traction
compression
sound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is hydrotherapy?

A

an agent that can provide resistance, hydrostatic pressure, and buoyancy for exercise or can apply pressure to clean wounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is an example of hydrotherapy?

A

aquatic therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is traction?

A

a mechanical agent that decreases the pressure between structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is compression?

A

a mechanical agent that increases the pressure on and between structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is an ultrasound with nonthermal effects?

A

mechanical form of energy composed of alternating compression and rarefaction waves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are electromagnetic or electrical therapeutic agents?

A

agents that apply energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation or an electrical current

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

how do you change the effect and depth of penetration with electromagnetic agents?

A

by changing the frequency and intensity of the electromagnetic radiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what are some examples of electromagnetic agents?

A

UV radiation
infrared (IR) radiation
laser
diathermy
electrical current

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is a laser?

A

output monochromatic, coherent, directional electromagnetic radiation that is generally in the frequency range of visible light or IR radiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what is shortwave diathermy?

A

an agent that produces heat in both superficial and deep tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what is electrical stimulation (Estim)?

A

the use of electrical current to induce muscle contraction, changes in sensation, reduce edema, or accelerate tissue healing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

ture or false: some modalities can be classified as two different categories based on the goal for therapy and setting use

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what domain of the ICF model do modalities directly effect?

A

body functions and structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what are the steps to consider when choosing the use of therapeutic modalities?

A

goals and effects of treatment
contraindications and precautions
evidence for physical agent use
cost, convenience and availability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what are some other considerations that should be made when choosing the use of therapeutic modalities?

A

medical dx and patient hx
subjective complaints
exam findings
patient goals, preference, and cultural considerations
previous intervention
contraindications + precautions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

what are some examples of contraindications or precautions for therapeutic modalities?

A

pacemaker
cancer/malignancy
pregnancy
impaired sensation
impaired mentation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

what are clinical practice guidelines?

A

systematically developed statements that attempt to interpret current research to provide evidence-based guidelines to guide practitioner and patient decisions about appropriate health care for specific clinical circumstances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

what is a benefit of clinical practice guidelines?

A

they give recommendations for diagnostic and prognostic measures and for preventive or therapeutic interventions for diagnosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

what is the goal for tissue healing?

A

repair and restore function by eliminating pathology and replacing damaged tissue by promoting regeneration of normal tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

what are some physical therapy considerations for rehabilitation?

A

patient S&S
stage of healing (time frames)
appropriateness of physical agents
how healing can be modified

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

how long does the inflammation phase last?

A

1-6 days post injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

how long does the proliferative/fibroblastic phase last?

A

3-20 days

38
Q

how long does the maturation/remodeling phase last?

A

9 days to possibly a year

39
Q

what is the inflammation phase?

A

the immediate protective response that attempts to destroy, dilute, or isolate the cells or agents that may be faulty

40
Q

what are the causes of the inflammation phase?

A

soft tissue trauma
fractures
foreign bodies
autoimmune diseases
microbial agents
chemical agents
thermal agents
irradiation

41
Q

what are the four cardinal signs of inflammation?

A

calor (heat)
rubor (redness)
tumor (swelling)
dolor (pain).

42
Q

what is the 5th characteristic of inflammation that was later added?

A

loss of function

43
Q

what are the 3 purposes of the inflammatory phase?

A

vasoconstriction + vasodilation (recruit endothelial cells and fibroblasts)
clot formation (fibrin lattice for strength + limit blood loss)
phagocytosis (remove damaged tissue)

44
Q

what is hyperemia?

A

increased blood flow to the area (vasodilation), responsible for increased temperature and redness (acute inflammatory response)

45
Q

what role do histamines play in the initial reaction to protect the wound?

A

cause vasodilation and increase vascular permeability (= fluid accumulation outside the vessels), responsible for edema (swelling in acute inflammatory response)

46
Q

what is chemotaxis?

A

migration of other cells to the area through the process chemical attraction/recruitment (other cells such as histamines release chemical to attract leukocytes)

47
Q

what are the 3 cells that are involved in the removal of damaged tissue/phagocytosis?

A

neutrophils
leukocytes
macrophages

48
Q

what cells are first on the scene after an injury + clear the injury site of debris and microorganisms in the early phases of the inflammation phase?

A

neutrophils

49
Q

what cells show up later in the inflammation phase, are attracted through chemotaxis, and clear the injury site of debris and microorganisms to set the state for tissue repair?

A

leukocytes

50
Q

what cells are converted from monocytes (specific leukocytes) as they exit from the capillaries into the tissue spaces?

A

macrophages

51
Q

what cells are involved in a wide range of activities including phagocytosis and synthesis of extracellular matrix?

A

macrophages

52
Q

macrophages cause fibroblasts to adhere to fibrin to make what?

A

collagen

53
Q

what are the general goals for physical therapists during the inflammatory phase?

A

decrease swelling
decrease pain
improve AROM + PROM

54
Q

how are initial swelling and the time required for rehabilitation related?

A

swelling reduces the ability for ROM, can decrease the speed of rehabilitation, and if not treated can start to affect other systems

55
Q

which modalities are recommended during the inflammatory phase?

A

cryotherapy
compression
PRICE (protect, rest, elevate)

56
Q

what is the purpose of the proliferative phase?

A

to cover the wound and impart strength to the injury site

57
Q

what is a marker that suggests shift between phases?

A

the shift from acute neutrophil cell infiltration and the replacement by longer term macrophages correlates to the transition between inflammation to proliferation phase

58
Q

what are the four processes in the proliferative phase?

A

epithelialization
collagen production
wound contraction
neovascularization

59
Q

what is epithelialization in the proliferative phase?

A

a process that provides a protective barrier to prevent loss of fluid and risk of infection

60
Q

what is neovascularization?

A

development of blood supply to the injured area

61
Q

what are the general goals for physical therapists during the proliferative phase?

A

improve ROM + function!! (that was lost from the inflammatory phase)
decrease pain and swelling
increase circulation mildly
protect wound (assist with closure)
promote appropriate alignment of collagen fibers during wound contraction to avoid contractures!!

62
Q

what is the ultimate goal of the maturation phase?

A

restoration of prior function of the injured tissue

63
Q

what is the longest phase of the healing process?

A

maturation phase

64
Q

the maturation phase is characterized by the changes in the size, form, and strength of?

A

scar tissue (fiber orientation + collagen synthesis versus lysis)

65
Q

what are the general goals for physical therapists during the maturation phase?

A

return to activity!!
increase ROM
increase strength
decrease pain
increase circulation

66
Q

what is the time period of a normal acute inflammatory process?

A

no longer than 2 weeks

67
Q

how long does subacute inflammation last?

A

~4+ weeks

68
Q

what is chronic inflammation?

A

inflammation that lasts months or years (can be abnormal or age/comorbidity related) and continues as a part of the maturation phase (simultaneous collagen tissue destruction and healing)

69
Q

what are the two methods of chronic inflammation?

A

cumulative trauma or interference with normal healing
immune response to foreign material or result of an autoimmune disease

70
Q

why does chronic inflammation lead to increased scar tissue and adhesion formation?

A

increased fibroblast proliferation and collagen production

71
Q

what are some examples of local factors that affect the healing process?

A

type, size, and location of injury
infection
vascular supply

72
Q

what are some examples of external factors that affect the healing process?

A

movement
application of physical agents
(to increase healing)

73
Q

what are some examples of systemic factors that affect the healing process?

A

age
disease
medications
nutrition

74
Q

what are some examples of mental/emotional factors that affect the healing process?

A

stress
anxiety
depression

75
Q

how should physical therapists treat tendons and ligaments in the inflammatory phase?

A

PRICE

76
Q

how should physical therapists treat tendons and ligaments in the proliferative/remodeling phase?

A

immobilization (versus early controlled forces for tendons)

77
Q

how should physical therapists treat tendons and ligaments in the maturation phase?

A

physiological loading is important to promote realignment
recover full, normal ROM

78
Q

when do tendons and ligaments typically return to normal strength human tissue?

A

40-50 weeks post op

79
Q

what is the physiology of articular cartilage?

A

aneural + avascular = limited ability to heal

80
Q

how does articular cartilage healing occur?

A

development of fibrous scar tissue or not at all
(cartilage with bone injury can form a granulation tissue that acts like articular cartilage)

81
Q

healing potential of articular cartilage in adolescents? adults?

A

adolescents: some capacity
adults: limited ability

82
Q

what is the physiology of skeletal muscle?

A

regenerates well due to good vascularity, but restoration of function depends upon type of injury

83
Q

how do muscle contusions and strains heal?

A

follow the general stages of healing

84
Q

what happens to the muscle with severe infections?

A

muscle fibers are destroyed

85
Q

how transection of muscle injuries heal?

A

muscle fibers regenerate
growth from undamaged fibers
development of new fibers

86
Q

what are the four distinct stages of regeneration and remodeling of bone fractures?

A

inflammatory
reparative
proliferative
bone remodeling

87
Q

how long does it take bone fractures to heal?

A

6-8 weeks

88
Q

what are the two types of formation in the reparative/proliferative phases of bone fractures?

A

soft callus formation
hard callus formation

89
Q

what is soft callus formation?

A

begins when pain and swelling subside + increase in vasculatory,
hematoma becomes organized with fibrous tissue cartilage and bone formation

90
Q

what is hard callus formation?

A

begins when bony fragments are united by fibrous tissue

Modalities (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions