intro to microbiology Flashcards
what bacterial structures or processes can be used as antibiotic targets?
- cell wall (penicillan targets)
- DNA/RNA synthesis
- folate synthesis
- cell membrane
- protein synthesis
what methods of antibiotic resistance are there?
efflux, immunity & bypass, target modification and inactivting enzymes
how do antifungals target fungal structures
- inhibits nucleic acid synthesis
- inhibit the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway
- inhibit the -glucan biosynthesis pathway
- binds the nonsterol lipids & alters cell membrane integrity
- binds w/ ergosterol & disrupts membrane integrity
how are cells categorised
shape, structure and stain
how do capsules hinder white blood cells
harder to phagcytose the bacteria
what facilitates binding to nasopharynx in HIV
pili
what is the difference between gram positive and negative bacteria
gram-positive organisms have a thicker peptidoglycan cell wall compared with gram-negative bacteria.
what colour indicates gram positive
purple
what colour indicates gram negative
pink
what shape are cocci in gram staining
circles
what microscopic fungi structures exist?
yeast, yeast-like, filamentous, dimorphic
what things can we use for diagnosis
culturing on selective media, molecular techniques (PCR), serological
what are variables in bacterial growth
temperature, oxygen, pH, moisture, time
what are exceptions to Koch’s postulates
viruses, prions, H.pylori, biofilms & synergistic pathogens etc
what are koch’s postulates
- must be found in abudance in all organisms suffering from the disease but not in healthy organisms
- microorganism (MO) must be isolated from diseased organism and grown in pure culture
- cultured MO should cause disease in new healthy organism
- MO must be reisolated from host & identical to original causative agent
