Intro to Micro Flashcards
what is microbiology
The study of microorganisms or microbes – living things that are generally too small to be seen with the unaided eye.
bacteriology
the study of bacteria
virology
the study of viruses
mycology
the study of fungi and yeast
parasitology
the study of protozoa and worms
immunology
the study of immunity (resistance to infection)
symbiosis
“living together”
mutualism
both organisms benefit
commensalism
one benefits, the other is unaffected
parasitism
one organism benefits, the other is harmed
mutualism
example 1
clown fish living in a sea anemone
mutualism example
E.coli lives in our intestines, helps us digest food and produces vitamin K
commensalism example 1
whitetip shark and pilot fish
commensalism example
staphylococcus epidermidis lives on our skin
parasitism example
Also known as “trich,” this is a sexually transmitted infection (STI). It is the result of the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis. It affects the female urogenital tract. It can exist in males, but usually without symptoms.
bubonic plague
swollen lymph glands (“buboes”) in armpit
septicemic plague
in the blood, 100% fatal
pneumonic plague
in the lungs, 90% mortality, can be spread by aerosis
yersinia pestis
the agent of plague
transmission of the plague
yersinia pestis to oriental rat fleas to rats to humans
fermentation was
the earliest form of microbiology
robert hooke
observed the smallest unit of life, he called them cells
antonie van leewenhoek
used his microscopes to observe types of tissues, cells and microorganisms
louis pasteur
- swan-necked flasks
- made breakthroughs regarding the causes and preventions of diseases
- his discoveries reduced the mortality rate of puerperal fever
- created the first vaccines for rabies and anthrax
- his experiments supported the germ theory of disease
- invented a method to stop milk and wine from causing illness; called pasteurization
Louis Pasteur demonstrated that
microorganisms are present in the air
robert koch
- used ‘Koch’s postulates to show that a specific microbe causes a specific disease
- showed that a bacterium causes anthrax
Koch’s third postulate
the cultured microorganism should cause disease when introduced into a healthy host
Koch’s first postulate
the microorganism must be found in diseased (not healthy) hosts
Koch’s second postulate
the microorganism must be isolated from a diseased host and grown in pure culture
Koch’s fourth postulate
the microorganism must be reisolated from the newly diseased animals and identified as being identical to the original specific causative agent
Ignaz Semmelweis
- discovered that hand washing dramatically reduced childbed fever in obstetrical clinics
- Hungarian physician called the “saviour of mothers”
joseph lister
- was a surgeon in Glasglow
- Lister began to experiment with various solutions. the most successful being carbolic acid (phenol), which he sprayed on incision wounds, dressings, and surgical instruments with
Edward jenner
- observed milkmaids who got cowpox never got smallpox
- injected cowpox into child, child became mildly ill
- child never contracted cowpox or smallpox
- Jenner didn’t discover vaccination but was the first person to confer scientific status on the procedure
emia
something in the blood
itis
an inflammation of
osis
an infection caused by
cyte
a cell
cidal
kills
static
no change/growth
microorganisms are
very small life forms, most of which are too small to be seen with the human eye
who made significant contributions to the understanding of the nature of infectious diseases
louis pasteur, robert koch
pathogen
a germ (as a bacterium or virus) that causes disease
