Intro to Micro

Question 1

what is microbiology

Answer 1

The study of microorganisms or microbes – living things that are generally too small to be seen with the unaided eye.

Question 2

bacteriology

Answer 2

the study of bacteria

Question 3

virology

Answer 3

the study of viruses

Question 4

mycology

Answer 4

the study of fungi and yeast

Question 5

parasitology

Answer 5

the study of protozoa and worms

Question 6

immunology

Answer 6

the study of immunity (resistance to infection)

Question 7

symbiosis

Answer 7

“living together”

Question 8

mutualism

Answer 8

both organisms benefit

Question 9

commensalism

Answer 9

one benefits, the other is unaffected

Question 10

parasitism

Answer 10

one organism benefits, the other is harmed

Question 11

mutualism
example 1

Answer 11

clown fish living in a sea anemone

Question 12

mutualism example

Answer 12

E.coli lives in our intestines, helps us digest food and produces vitamin K

Question 13

commensalism example 1

Answer 13

whitetip shark and pilot fish

Question 14

commensalism example

Answer 14

staphylococcus epidermidis lives on our skin

Question 15

parasitism example

Answer 15

Also known as “trich,” this is a sexually transmitted infection (STI). It is the result of the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis. It affects the female urogenital tract. It can exist in males, but usually without symptoms.

Question 16

bubonic plague

Answer 16

swollen lymph glands (“buboes”) in armpit

Question 16

septicemic plague

Answer 16

in the blood, 100% fatal

Question 17

pneumonic plague

Answer 17

in the lungs, 90% mortality, can be spread by aerosis

Question 18

yersinia pestis

Answer 18

the agent of plague

Question 18

transmission of the plague

Answer 18

yersinia pestis to oriental rat fleas to rats to humans

Question 19

fermentation was

Answer 19

the earliest form of microbiology

Question 20

robert hooke

Answer 20

observed the smallest unit of life, he called them cells

Question 21

antonie van leewenhoek

Answer 21

used his microscopes to observe types of tissues, cells and microorganisms

Question 22

louis pasteur

Answer 22

• swan-necked flasks
• made breakthroughs regarding the causes and preventions of diseases
• his discoveries reduced the mortality rate of puerperal fever
• created the first vaccines for rabies and anthrax
• his experiments supported the germ theory of disease
• invented a method to stop milk and wine from causing illness; called pasteurization

Question 23

Louis Pasteur demonstrated that

Answer 23

microorganisms are present in the air

Question 24

robert koch

Answer 24

• used ‘Koch’s postulates to show that a specific microbe causes a specific disease
• showed that a bacterium causes anthrax

Question 25

Koch’s third postulate

Answer 25

the cultured microorganism should cause disease when introduced into a healthy host

Question 25

Koch’s first postulate

Answer 25

the microorganism must be found in diseased (not healthy) hosts

Question 25

Koch’s second postulate

Answer 25

the microorganism must be isolated from a diseased host and grown in pure culture

Question 26

Koch’s fourth postulate

Answer 26

the microorganism must be reisolated from the newly diseased animals and identified as being identical to the original specific causative agent

Question 27

Ignaz Semmelweis

Answer 27

• discovered that hand washing dramatically reduced childbed fever in obstetrical clinics
• Hungarian physician called the “saviour of mothers”

Question 28

joseph lister

Answer 28

• was a surgeon in Glasglow
• Lister began to experiment with various solutions. the most successful being carbolic acid (phenol), which he sprayed on incision wounds, dressings, and surgical instruments with

Question 29

Edward jenner

Answer 29

• observed milkmaids who got cowpox never got smallpox
• injected cowpox into child, child became mildly ill
• child never contracted cowpox or smallpox
• Jenner didn’t discover vaccination but was the first person to confer scientific status on the procedure

Question 30

emia

Answer 30

something in the blood

Question 31

itis

Answer 31

an inflammation of

Question 32

osis

Answer 32

an infection caused by

Question 33

cyte

Answer 33

a cell

Question 34

cidal

Answer 34

kills

Question 35

static

Answer 35

no change/growth

Question 36

microorganisms are

Answer 36

very small life forms, most of which are too small to be seen with the human eye

Question 37

who made significant contributions to the understanding of the nature of infectious diseases

Answer 37

louis pasteur, robert koch

Question 37

pathogen

Answer 37

a germ (as a bacterium or virus) that causes disease