Intro to Metabolism II Flashcards
How is most of the energy from ingested food spent?
its spent on heating up the body
What are the 4 reaction pathways that increase blood glucose?
- carb digestion
- non-glucose sugars to glucose
- glycogenolysis
- gluconeogenesis
What are 4 reaction pathways that degrade glucose?
- Phosphorylation of glucose to make G6P
- glycogenesis (uses G6P)
- phosphogluconate pathways (uses G6P)
- sorbitol pathway (Does NOT use G6P)
What happens to glucose in the sorbitol pathway?
Its converted to fructose and sorbitol
T or F: glycogen taken from muscles is used often to regulate blood glucose
False, liver glycogen is used to regulate blood glucose
When can muscle use ketones or fatty acids for energy?
when resting or doing mild exercise
What is the main energy source for muscle when doing severe exercise?
glycogen
When might muscle use glucose?
- when insulin is elevated in the fed state
- during excercise
What are the largest stores of energy in the body from greatest to least?
Triacylglycerol Protein Glycogen from liver Glycogen from muscle Glucose
Where can glycogen stores be found?
Muscle and liver
Where are glucose stores found?
Blood and extracellular fluids (body fluids)
What pathway is used to to generate glucose and what are its substrates?
- gluconeogenesis
- lactate, alanine, glycerol
What pathway is used to generate glycogen and what are its substrates?
- glycogenesis
- Glc-1-P, and Glc
What pathway is used to generate lipids and TAGs and what are its subtrates?
- Lipogenesis
- Glc, glycerol, acetyl-CoA
What is the post-absorptive state and what are the relative concentrations of insulin and glucagon during these states?
- period after the last meal has been digested and the gut is empty
- [insulin] is low and [glucagon] elevated
- low insulin:glucagon ratio
