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MMI 445 > Intro to Medical Microbiology > Flashcards

Intro to Medical Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

What are 3 ways that infectious agents can be transmitted?

A

Contact
Vehicle
Vectors

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2
Q

What is direct contact transmission?

A

Person-to-person (kissing, touching)

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3
Q

What is indirect contact transmission?

A

The agent is transferred from a reservoir by a non-living object to the host

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4
Q

What is droplet transmission?

A

Microbes that are spread in droplets that travel up to 1 m in the air

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5
Q

What is vehicle transmission?

A

Transmission of infection by a medium like food, water, air, blood, or IV fluids

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6
Q

What is mechanical transmission?

A

Passive transport on the vector’s body

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7
Q

What is biological transmission?

A

Part of the life cycle of the microorganism is in the arthropod’s body

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8
Q

What does the basic reproduction number (R0) mean?

A

The average number of secondary cases produced by a single infected case in an otherwise susceptible population

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9
Q

What is case fatality ratio?

A

The proportion of detected cases of a given disease that die

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10
Q

What is effective reproduction number?

A

The average number of secondary cases arising from an infected case, with a given level of immunity in the population

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11
Q

What is an endemic?

A

Refers to the constant presence of an infectious disease in a population within a geographic area

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12
Q

What is an epidemic?

A

The occurrence of disease cases in excess of normal expectancy, usually referring to a larger geographical area than an outbreak

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13
Q

What does it mean to be exposed?

A

A contact between a susceptible and infected person that could lead to an infection

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14
Q

What is fatality rate of infections?

A

The proportion of overall infections that die as a result of it

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15
Q

What is an incidence?

A

the number of new infections during a given interval of time

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16
Q

What is an incubation period?

A

The period between exposure and onset of clinical symptoms

17
Q

What is an infectious period?

A

the length of time for which an infected individual is infectious to others

18
Q

What is a latent period?

A

The period between exposure and the ability to transmit to others

19
Q

What is an outbreak?

A

The occurrence of disease cases in excess of normal expectancy, usually referring to a small geographical area than an epidemic

20
Q

What is a pandemic?

A

An epidemic that has spread over several countries or continents, usually affecting a large number of individuals

21
Q

What is a pathogen?

A

A micro-organism which can cause, or causes disease or damage to a host

22
Q

What is prevalence?

A

The number of infected people in a population at a given point in time

MMI 445 (9 decks)

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