Intro To Med Chem

Question 1

a chemistry-based discipline, involving aspects of the
biological, medical and pharmaceutical scie

Answer 1

Medicinal Chemistry

Question 2

is concerned with the invention, discovery, design,
identification and preparation of biologically active
compounds, the study of their metabolism, the interpretation
of their mode of action at the molecular level and the
construction of structure-activity relationships (SAR), which is
the relationship between chemical structure and
pharmacological activity for a series of compounds

Answer 2

Medicinal Chemistry

Question 3

New active substances or drugs are identified and
prepared from natural sources, organic chemical reactions or
biotechnological processes. They are known as lead mole

Answer 3

Stage 1

Question 4

Optimization of lead structure to improve potency,
selectivity and lessen toxicity

Answer 4

Stage 2

Question 5

Development stage involves optimization of synthetic
route for bulk production and modification of pharmacokinetic
and pharmaceutical properties of active substance to render it
chemically useful

Answer 5

Stage 3

Question 6

Cave paintings and symbolic artefacts found by archaeologists suggest the
earliest humans believed in spirits and supernatural forces. Primitive surgery,
trepanning, may have been to allow the evil spirits to leave a sick

Answer 6

Drugs of Antiquity
8000 BC: Prehistoric medicine

Question 7

goddess Sekhmet was believed to cause or cure diseases and priests played
a large part in Egyptian medicine.
Papyrus- describe medical techniques similar to those used today
Egyptians used compression on a wound to stop bleeding and had
specialists in obstetrics and gynecology who were the forerunners of modern midwives

Answer 7

Drugs of Antiquity

2000 BC: Egyptian medicine

Question 8

Emperor Shen Nung compiled a pharmacopeia which included ch’ang
shang and mahuang
American Indians used chaulmoogra fruit, coca leaves and mushrooms
Brazilians used ipecacuanha root
Greek apothecary shops sell opium, squill, Hyoscyamus and metallic drugs

Answer 8

Drugs of Antiquity
2000 BC
Empe

Question 9

father of Modern Medicine

Answer 9

Hippocrates

Question 10

Hippocrates – father of Modern Medicine; Hippocratic Oath
Romans realized the link between dirt and disease and developed
aqueducts to supply drinking water and sewers to remove wastes safely;
personal hygiene

Answer 10

Drugs of antiquity
450 BC to 300 AD

Question 11

Paracelsus (1493-1541) glorified antimony and its salts as cure-all drug
Basic studies of chemistry and physics shifted from Greco-Roman to the
Arabian alchemists (between 13th
-16th century)
Materia Medica and pharmacopeias brought together traditional uses of
drugs

Answer 11

The Middle Ages

Question 12

fall of the Roman Empire meant that many of their public hygiene practices
were soon lost
Medicine in the ages was dominated by religion; sickness =
punishment from God for sins committed; rise of monasteries as ‘hospitals’
Traditional cures, using herbal remedies and potions were seen as witchcraft and medicine

Answer 12

500 - 1400 AD: The Middle Ages

Question 13

The Arabic world was the center of scientific and medical knowledge
Hippocrates’ theories and Islamic physician began to use the regulation of
diet, exercise and the prescription of medicinal herbs to treat their patient
Surgical operations were also performed and narcotic drugs were used as anesthetic

Answer 13

700 - 1500 AD: Arabic medicines

The middle ages

Question 14

Poineer of vaccination

Answer 14

Edward jenner

Question 15

led the understanding of infections caused by
bacteria or germs

Answer 15

Louis Pasteur & Robert Koch

Question 16

Industrial revolution caused a massive change in people’s health
Many died due to cholera, TB, measles and pneumonia
Major medical advances: vaccinations and X-rays

Answer 16

1700 - 1900: Eighteenth and Nineteenth centuries

Question 17

applied which led to a great advance in patient treatment: detailed observation, record-
keeping and the influence of environment to patient health

Answer 17

Ideas of Thomas Sydenham

18th and 19th centuries *

Question 18

stry
Birth period of modern medicinal chemistry
Antoine Lavoisier’s works were refined and extended the techniques of
chemical analysis
Organic chemistry was staged by the synthesis of acetic acid by Kolbe (1845)
and methane by Berthelot (1856)
Pharmacognosy was replaced by physiologic chemistry
Emphasis was shifted from finding new medicaments from plants to finding
the active ingredients that accounted to their pharmacologic properties.
Increased use of “pure” substances as therapeutic agents
 Isolation of morphine, emetine, caffeine, quinine and colchicine

Answer 18

The 19th Century: Age of Innovation and Chemistry