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Bio 1 H > Intro to Macromolecules, Carbs, Lipids > Flashcards

Intro to Macromolecules, Carbs, Lipids Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Organic compounds contain…

A

carbon

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2
Q

Macromolecules

A

large organic molecules

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3
Q

Carbon can form up to ___ covalent bonds with other elements

A

4

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4
Q

Carbon usually bonds with…

A

C, H, O, or N

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5
Q

Macromolecules are also known as…

A

polymers

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6
Q

Polymers are made up of smaller building blocks called…

A

monomers

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7
Q

Types of macromolecules

A

Carbs, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

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8
Q

Polymers are formed through…

A

dehydration synthesis/condensation reaction

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9
Q

Dehydration synthesis

A

The removal of “water” (2 H atoms and one O atom) to allow monomers to bond together

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10
Q

Functional group

A

cluster of atoms that influence properties of molecules they compose

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11
Q

Hydrolysis

A

separation of monomers by “adding water” -> replacing a bond with 2 H atoms and one O atom

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12
Q

Carbohydrates

A

small to large sugar molecules

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13
Q

Types of carbohydrates

A

monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides

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14
Q

Monomer for carbs

A

monosaccharide

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15
Q

3 main monosaccharides

A

glucose, fructose, galactose

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16
Q

Polymer for carbs

A

polysaccharide

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17
Q

Examples of polysaccharides

A

cellulose, starch, glycogen, chitin

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18
Q

Carbs provide __ calories/gram

A

4

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19
Q

Main functions of carbs

A

-Provide short-term energy
-Structure and support

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20
Q

Ratio of C,H, and O in monosaccharides

A

1:2:1

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21
Q

Carbs are made of…

A

6 carbon sugars

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22
Q

Glucose, galactose, and fructose are…

A

isomers

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23
Q

Isomers

A

2 or more different compounds with the same formula but different arrangement of atoms in the molecule, therefore different properties

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24
Q

Main disaccharides

A

sucrose, lactose, maltose

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25
Q

Sucrose

A

glucose + fructose

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26
Q

Lactose

A

glucose + galactose

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27
Q

maltose

A

glucose + glucose

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28
Q

Main function of monosaccharides

A

energy source

29
Q

Main function of disaccharides

A

transport

30
Q

Main function of polysaccharides

A

storage and structural support

31
Q

T/F: starch and glycogen can be digested by animals

A

true

32
Q

Starch is…

A

the plant energy storage molecule

33
Q

Glycogen is…

A

the animal energy storage molecule

34
Q

Glycogen is stored in…

A

the liver and animal muscle

35
Q

Glucose is stored in cells as…

A

glycogen

36
Q

Cellulose provides…

A

support and protection

37
Q

Cellulose is a major component in…

A

the plant cell wall

38
Q

Chitin makes up…

A

exoskeletons of crustaceans and insects

39
Q

Chitin composes ______ cell walls

A

fungal

40
Q

Function of chitin:

A

support and protection

41
Q

Lipids

A

compounds that aren’t soluble in water

42
Q

Lipids store…

A

the most energy

43
Q

Lipids consist mainly of…

A

C,H,O

44
Q

Lipids are ________ and __________

A

nonpolar and hydrophobic

45
Q

Functions of lipids:

A

-Long term energy storage
-Make up phospholipid bilayer
-Protection and cushioning for organs
-Insulation
-Hormones and cell signals

46
Q

Monomer for lipids

A

fatty acids

47
Q

Polymers for lipids

A

phospholipids, steroids (hormones), fats (triglycerides), waxes

48
Q

Are fatty acids true macromolecules?

A

no

49
Q

Saturated fatty acids _____ have double bonds between carbons

A

don’t

50
Q

Unsaturated fatty acids ___ have double bonds between carbons

A

do

51
Q

Saturated fats are ______ at room temperature

A

solid

52
Q

Unsaturated fats are ______ at room temperature

A

liquid

53
Q

Saturated fats are found mostly in…

A

animal sources

54
Q

Unsaturated fats are found mostly in…

A

plant sources

55
Q

Phospholipids are composed of…

A

a polar phosphate head and 2 nonpolar fatty acid tails

56
Q

Triglycerides are composed of…

A

1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids

57
Q

Main functions of triglycerides

A

energy storage in animals

58
Q

T/F: triglycerides can be saturated or unsaturated

A

true

59
Q

Steroids don’t really resemble lipids, but are grouped with them because they are…

A

hydrophobic

60
Q

Steroid skeleton

A

4 fused carbon rings

61
Q

Hormones

A

chemical messengers in the body

62
Q

Many steroids are…

A

hormones

63
Q

Cholesterol

A

steroid found in animal tissue but not plant

64
Q

Cholesterol is synthesized in the…

A

liver

65
Q

Functions of cholesterol

A

-Hormone production
-Vitamin D production
-Bile production
-Cell membrane support

66
Q

Cholesterol is packaged with proteins for…

A

transport

67
Q

LDL

A

Bad cholesterol; carries dietary fats into cells

68
Q

HDL

A

Good cholesterol; carries impurities out of cells

69
Q

Function of wax and oil lipids

A

provide a protective, waterproof coating

Bio 1 H (1 decks)

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