Intro to logic facillies

Question 1

Argument

Answer 1

a group of propositions one of which is a conclusion that is supported by one or more premise (only one conclusion in an argument )

Question 2

Proposition

Answer 2

a statement that can be confirmed or denied (true or false)

Question 3

Inference

Answer 3

the property by which premises lend support to conclusions (entailment)

Question 4

premise

Answer 4

the property in which the premises support the conclusion.

Question 5

conclusion

Answer 5

supports the premises

Question 6

Induction

Answer 6

conclusion amplifies the premises.

Question 7

Deduction argument

Answer 7

defined as “an argument that attempts to show that its
the conclusion follows necessarily from the
premises

Question 8

Validity

Answer 8

a property of a deductive argument that says if the premise is true then the conclusion must be true. Cannot be false.

Question 9

soundness

Answer 9

is the property of a valid deductive argument were the
premises are actually true.

Question 10

Fallacy

Answer 10

A bad argument that tends to persuade

Question 11

Attacking the person

Answer 11

happens when attacking the person making the argument. Rather the argument itself

Question 12

Inappropriate authority

Answer 12

someone who gives false information on something.

Question 13

appeal to the people.

Answer 13

you should believe something that others believe.

Question 14

strawman

Answer 14

destart an opponent’s argument to make it look bad so it can be easier to attack..

Question 15

appeal to pity

Answer 15

persuading out of emotion

Question 16

slippery slope

Answer 16

chain of events happens but with little evidence and unrelated information.

Question 17

False cause

Answer 17

you are intruding to be the cause when it is not the cause

Question 18

Modus Pones

Answer 18

study on paper

Question 19

Modus tolens

Answer 19

study on paper

Question 20

Hypothethical syllogism

Answer 20

on paper

Question 21

Disjunctive syllogism

Answer 21

on paper

Question 22

Method of argument

Answer 22

you find that one factor that is common to all the incidents of all the effects.

Ex:picinic cookout of these 10 people they all had variety of things common all 10 people shrimp cause of the illness is shrimp

Question 23

method of difference.

Answer 23

All of the people who didn’t get sick didn’t eat the shrimp.

Question 24

method of agreement and difference

Answer 24

put these 2 together

Question 25

method of residues

Answer 25

A known effect to suspected cause that can later be confirmed Ex: loaded vs empty truck

Question 26

Method of concomitant variant

Answer 26

as entitles of the courses go up so do the entitles of the effect.

Question 27

Coincidental correlation

Answer 27

some unexpected factor is shown to be genuine causes and the corrections is thereby shown to be purely accidental. Ex: false cause factor False cause deficient goes up at the same time An increase in STDS is related to an increase in population. and not more sexual activity same percentage of people are emerging in sex its more of them

Question 28

Joint effect of an underlying cause

Answer 28

Some underlying factor is shown to be directly or indirectly responsible for the items correlated. That is the apparent relation of its spurious Ex: Both effects for changing attitude on sex

Question 29

Genuine but insignificant cause

Answer 29

Other factors are shown to be of greater importance in producing the effect in question. Ex: some people may have sex ed but its insignificant

Question 30

Wrong direction

Answer 30

The correlation is shown to support a causal inference in which cause and effect are the opposite of what has been claimed. Ex: sex education didn't spike stds the stds spiked the sex education

Question 31

Casual complexity

Answer 31

not just the cause there is a collection of causes that produce the effects. Ex: List of sexual things are the cause Ex: Drop in the violent crime rate beginning in the late 1990s Factors - both truths and sentencing laws. Locked up criminals so therefore no criminals -

Question 32

Convergent argument

Answer 32

Multiple factors four and against a position that have to be weight collecting against each other. Some factors may be small but they have to be taken collectively. Ex: Gambling in Mississippi and whether or not it is good for Mississippi