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Renal physiology > Intro to kidneys and body fluid > Flashcards

Intro to kidneys and body fluid Flashcards

1
Q

Define osmoregulation.

A

Regulation of body water

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2
Q

Define Volume regulation.

A

Regulation of body salt through control of circulating plasma volume in the ECFV

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3
Q

What percentage of body weight is water?

A

60% (42L)

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4
Q

What percentage of body weight water is intracellular?

A

40% (28L)

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5
Q

What percentage of body weight water is extracellular?

A

20% (14L)

  • 3L plasma
  • 11L interstitial fluid
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6
Q

What must there be between ICF compartment and ECF compartment?

A

An osmotic equilibrium to prevent massive shifts of water between intracellular and extracellular volumes

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7
Q

What maintains the osmotic equilibrium between ECFV and ICFV?

A

Osmoregulation

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8
Q

Define osmolarity.

A

Total concentration of osmotically active solutes

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9
Q

What is the major determinant of ECF osmolarity? Why?

A

Sodium, because it is the principle electrolyte of the ECF

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10
Q

Why is controlling body fluids important?

A

Cell structure and function
-large shifts between ECFV and ICFV will disrupt tissue structure and function

Tissue Perfusion
-depends on the balance between circulating plasma volume and interstitial volume

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11
Q

What is the Composition of plasma and interstitial fluid?

A

Not very different as electrolytes and small molecules would equilibrate between them

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12
Q

What is the Plasma osmolarity calculation?

A

2(Na) + 2(K) + (glucose) + (urea)

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13
Q

What are the 2 ways to change osmolarity of a solution?

A

1) Add/Remove water

2) Add/Remove sodium

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14
Q

Describe the Rise in plasma osmolarity.

A

More water is needed

kidneys respond by producing small volume of concentrated urine (water retention)

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15
Q

Describe the Fall in plasma osmolarity.

A

Too much water

kidneys respond by producing large volume of dilute urine (water excretion)

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16
Q

What maintains adequate ECFV to support plasma volume?

A

Volume regulation

17
Q

How are changes in blood plasma volume detected?

A

Indirectly by stretch and pressure receptors in the cardiovascular system, which in turn indicates changes in blood pressure

18
Q

What happens when blood volume increases?

A

Increased blood pressure
Kidneys excrete Na
Water osmotically follows
Blood volume restored

19
Q

What happens when blood volume decreases?

A

Decreased blood pressure
Kidneys retain Na
Water osmotically follows
Blood volume restored

20
Q

What is the role of the kidney?

A

homeostasis

*urine production is a by-product of kidney function (homeostasis)

21
Q

What is the function of the kidney?

A
  • osmoregulation
  • volume regulation
  • acid-base balance
  • regulation of electrolytes
  • removal of metabolic waste products from the blood
  • removal of foreign chemicals in the blood (e.g. drugs)
  • regulation of red blood cell production (EPO)
  • acts as an endocrine organ (EPO, Renin, Vitamin D)
22
Q

What is the nephron?

A

Function unit of the kidney, consisting of an interaction between blood vessels (including glomerulus capillary network) and the renal tubule (including Bowman’s Capsule)

23
Q

How many nephrons are there per kidney?

A

1.25 million

24
Q

What are the 4 basic processes of renal function?

A

1) Glomerular Filtration
2) Tubular Reabsorption
3) Tubular Secretion
4) Excretion of water and solutes

25
Q

What is the Renal excretion equation?

A

renal excretion = filtration - reabsorption + secretion

26
Q

What is the First step in urine production?

A

Glomerular filtration

27
Q

Define the Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR).

A

Amount of filtrate the kidneys produce each minute

28
Q

What is the Average GFR?

A

120 ml/min

*large amounts of fluid loss, however majority is reabsorbed by peritubular capillaries

29
Q

What forces fluid and solutes through the glomerular capillary membrane?

A

Hydrostatic pressure of the glomerular capillary blood, with only small molecules passing through. Large molecules (proteins) and cells cannot pass.

30
Q

What is Tubular Reabsorption?

A

Many substances are filtered and then reabsorbed from the tubular lumen into the peritubular capillaries

31
Q

What is Tubular Secretion?

A

Moves substances from the blood in the peritubular capillary into the renal tubule.

32
Q

What is the Importance of tubular secretion?

A

Disposing of substances not already in filtrate

eliminating undesirable substances such as urea and uric acid

ridding the body of excess K+ ions

controlling blood pH

Renal physiology (1 decks)

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