Intro to IO Flashcards
What is the field of psychology focused on finding the right person for the right job and managing them to perform well?
Personel Psychology
What field of psychology involves job analysis, recruitment, employee selection, appraisal, training, evaluation, and development?
Personnel Psychology
What field of psychology involves job analysis, recruitment, employee selection, appraisal, training, evaluation, and development?
Personnel Psychology
What is the process of identifying, attracting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and onboarding employees for an organization?
Recruitment
Recruitment is the process of identifying, attracting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and onboarding employees for an organization. It encompasses all measures that a company undertakes to find potential new employees and, ideally, to hire them. The recruitment process varies widely based on the employer, seniority, type of role, and industry or sector the role is in.
Choosing the right person for the job through interviews and tests.
Employee Selection
Checking how well an employee is doing (performance reviews).
Appraisal
Teaching employees new skills to help them improve.
Training
Measuring an employee’s progress and effectiveness.
Evaluation
Helping employees grow and get promoted.
Development
What field of psychology helps companies understand how employees feel and work together to create a better, more productive workplace by focusing on leadership, motivation, teamwork, communication, and handling workplace issues?
Organizational Psychology
Organizational psychology, also known as industrial-organizational psychology, examines the people in the workplace by applying the principles of psychology. It focuses on scientifically-based solutions to human problems in work and organizational settings. The goal is to better understand and optimize the effectiveness, health, and well-being of both individuals and organizations.
What field focuses on designing tools and equipment to ensure comfort and safety in the workplace?
Ergonomics
Ergonomics, also known as human factors engineering, is the applied science concerned with designing and arranging things people use so that the people and things interact most efficiently and safely. This discipline aims to optimize the “fit” between people and their work environment, enhancing productivity and reducing the risk of injury.
What process involves organizing and equipping a workplace to optimize employee performance, safety, and satisfaction?
Workplace Design
Workplace design refers to the strategic arrangement and functionality of workspaces to enhance productivity, creativity, and employee satisfaction. It involves organizing and equipping a workplace to optimize employee performance, safety, and satisfaction. This process considers various factors such as furniture, lighting, equipment, layout, and environmental elements to create a workspace that supports employees’ physical and mental well-being. Effective workplace design not only ensures that employees work safely and productively but also fosters a positive organizational culture and enhances overall job satisfaction.
who wrote The Theory of Advertising (1903)?
Walter Dill Scott
This is a simple exposition of the principles of psychology in their relation to successful advertising
The Theory of Advertising (1903)
”The Theory of Advertising: A Simple Exposition of the Principles of Psychology in Their Relation to Successful Advertising” is a book written by Walter Dill Scott in 1903. This seminal work explores the application of psychological principles to advertising, aiming to enhance its effectiveness. Scott delves into various psychological aspects such as attention, suggestion, and mental imagery to understand consumer behavior and improve advertising strategies.
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The book is divided into several chapters, each focusing on different psychological principles and their practical applications in advertising. For instance, it discusses how to capture and maintain consumer attention, the role of direct commands in persuasive advertising, and the psychological value of return coupons. Scott also examines concepts like apperception and illusions of perception, providing insights into how consumers process advertising messages.
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Scott’s work laid the foundation for understanding consumer psychology in advertising and introduced concepts that are still relevant in modern marketing practices. His emphasis on the psychological aspects of consumer behavior marked a significant shift from traditional advertising methods to more research-based and consumer-centric approaches.
Father of IO Psych, wrote Psychology and
Industrial Efficiency (1910)
Hugo Munsterberg
IO Psychology previously called _____
Economic Psychology
What caused the emergence of IOP?
WW1
founder of the Psychological Corporation
James Catell
Who is the management theorist known for emphasizing teamwork, leadership, and collaboration within organizations, advocating for a focus on people and fostering group cohesion to enhance productivity and create a harmonious work environment?
Mary Parker Follett
Mary Parker Follett was a pioneering management theorist who emphasized the importance of teamwork, leadership, and collaboration within organizations. She believed that organizations should prioritize people and foster group cohesion to create a more productive and harmonious work environment
The idea that employees work better when they feel like a team.
Group Cohesion
Companies should focus on employee needs, communication,
People-Oriented Organizations
Instead of forcing a decision, find a solution
Conflict Resolution Through Integration
Who was the engineer and management consultant who developed Scientific Management, also known as Taylorism, aiming to increase workplace efficiency through scientific analysis and improvement of work processes?
Frederick Winslow Taylor
Frederick Winslow Taylor (1856–1915) was an American mechanical engineer who sought to improve industrial efficiency. He is regarded as the father of scientific management, a theory that analyzes and synthesizes workflows to improve economic efficiency, especially labor productivity. Taylor’s approach, known as Taylorism, involved studying tasks scientifically to determine the most efficient ways to perform them, selecting and training workers scientifically, providing detailed instruction and supervision, and dividing work between managers and workers to apply scientific management principles effectively.
What term describes the management approach that analyzes tasks to determine the most efficient methods, treating the workplace as a machine where every worker and process operates smoothly and efficiently?
Taylorism
Taylorism, also known as scientific management, is a theory of management that analyzes and synthesizes workflows to improve economic efficiency, especially labor productivity. Developed by Frederick Winslow Taylor in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, it involves studying tasks scientifically to determine the best way to perform them, thereby increasing productivity and efficiency in industrial settings.
Who is the management theorist known for focusing on leadership styles based on participative management techniques?
Kurt Lewin
Kurt Lewin, a pioneering psychologist, identified three primary leadership styles:
Wikipédia, l’encyclopédie libre
Authoritarian (Autocratic): Leaders make decisions unilaterally, and expect subordinates to comply without input.
Leadership Ahoy
Democratic (Participative): Leaders involve team members in the decision-making process, fostering collaboration and shared responsibility.
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Leadership Success
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Laissez-Faire (Delegative): Leaders provide minimal direction, allowing team members considerable freedom in how they work.
Time and Motion Studies
Frank and Lilian Gilbreth
Time and motion studies are methodologies used to analyze and improve work efficiency by examining the time spent on tasks and the motions involved. These studies aim to identify inefficiencies and optimize workflows, leading to increased productivity and reduced costs.
Historical Context:
Time Study: Pioneered by Frederick Winslow Taylor, time studies involve measuring the time taken to complete tasks to establish standard times and improve productivity.
Wikipedia
Motion Study: Developed by Frank and Lillian Gilbreth, motion studies focus on analyzing the motions required for tasks to eliminate unnecessary movements, thereby enhancing efficiency.
ISSSP for Lean Six Sigma
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–Motor Company, introduced conveyor belts
Henry Ford
Who conducted the Hawthorne Studies, which examined how work conditions and managerial socialization affect employee productivity?
Elton Mayo
Elton Mayo, an Australian-born psychologist and organizational theorist, led the Hawthorne Studies in the late 1920s and early 1930s. These studies investigated how various factors, including work conditions and managerial behavior, influenced employee productivity. The research revealed that employees’ performance was significantly affected by social relationships and the attention they received from supervisors, highlighting the importance of managerial socialization in the workplace.
The tendency of a person to work better
when he/she knows that they are observed.
Hawthorne Effect
can establish causal relationships. The
random assignment of subjects must be present.
Experimentation
TRUE OR FALSE: Experimentation might involve deception due to the study’s
significant prospective scientific, educational, medical, or
applied value however, proper debriefing must be made at the
end of their participation.
TRUE
is a type of research that examines the relationship between two or more variables but does not prove that one causes the other. It only shows if the variables are connected in some way.
Correlational study
is a type of research that examines the relationship between two or more variables but does not prove that one causes the other. It only shows if the variables are connected in some way.
Quasi-experiments
gathering data about a job’s components,
conditions, and characteristics.
Job Analysis
a product of JA which includes a summary of
the tasks and requirements needed to do a specific job.
Job Description
Components of a good job description:
Job Title, Brief
Summary, Work Activities, Tools and Equipment Used, Job
Context, Work Performance, Compensation Information, and
Competencies.
Job Analysis is important to help the professionals in various human
resources activities such as:
- RECRUITMENT: to create accurate job descriptions and identify the
right candidates for the role. - TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT: to determine the training needs of
employees to improve their performance and meet the job
requirements. - PERFORMANCE EVALUATION: to provide a framework for for
evaluating employee performance based on clearly defined job
expectations. - COMPENSATION & BENEFITS: to determine appropriate salary and
benefits for a job based on its responsibilities and required skills.
An HR manager is struggling with high employee turnover. To address this, they decide to conduct surveys to understand employee satisfaction. Which branch of I/O psychology is most relevant here?
a) Personnel Psychology
b) Organizational Psychology
c) Human Factors Psychology
d) Cognitive Psychology
Answer: b) Organizational Psychology
A company wants to improve workplace safety and reduce physical strain on workers. Which area of I/O psychology should they focus on?
a) Personnel Psychology
b) Organizational Psychology
c) Human Factors Psychology
d) Leadership Psychology
c) Human Factors Psychology
An employer is hiring for a new role. They conduct a thorough analysis of the tasks, responsibilities, and necessary skills for the job. What is this process called?
Job Analysis
A new manager is introduced to a team, but productivity drops because employees feel uncomfortable with the manager’s leadership style. What concept does this situation demonstrate?
a) Taylorism
b) Hawthorne Effect
c) Leadership Styles
d) Human-Machine Interaction
c) Leadership styles
A company introduces an incentive system where employees receive bonuses based on performance. This strategy is most likely based on:
a) Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
b) Scientific Management
c) The Hawthorne Effect
d) Job Enlargement
b) Scientific Management
A researcher wants to study the impact of flexible work schedules on productivity. They assign half of the employees to a flexible schedule and the other half to a fixed schedule, then measure productivity. What research method are they using?
a) Correlational Study
b) Field Research
c) Experimental Research
d) Archival Research
c) Experimental Research
A company implements an anonymous feedback system where employees can share their thoughts about workplace conditions. What I/O psychology method is being used?
a) Job Analysis
b) Performance Appraisal
c) Employee Surveys
d) Time and Motion Studies
c) Employee Surveys
A factory introduces new machines that require specialized training. The HR department must ensure employees can use them efficiently. What HR function does this represent?
a) Recruitment
b) Training and Development
c) Compensation and Benefits
d) Performance Appraisal
b) Training and Development
A study finds that employees perform better when they know they are being observed. This concept is known as:
a) Taylorism
b) The Hawthorne Effect
c) Participative Management
d) Job Rotation
b) The Hawthorne Effect
An organization assigns an employee different roles every few months to prevent burnout and develop new skills. This is an example of:
a) Job Enlargement
b) Job Rotation
c) Job Enrichment
d) Performance Management
b) Job Rotation
TRUE OR FALSE: The main goal of personnel psychology is to improve workplace efficiency by studying human-machine interaction.
False.
Personnel psychology focuses on job analysis, recruitment, selection, training, and evaluation, while human factors psychology studies human-machine interaction.
TRUE OR FALSE: Kurt Lewin’s leadership studies emphasized participative management techniques.
True.
Lewin studied different leadership styles, emphasizing participative management for better team cohesion.
TRUE OR FALSE: Taylorism focuses on making workers feel valued by giving them autonomy over their work.
False.
Taylorism is based on scientific management, emphasizing efficiency, standardization, and task specialization rather than autonomy.
TRUE OR FALSE: The Hawthorne Effect suggests that workers perform better when they feel that their managers care about them.
True.
Employees improve their productivity when they know they are being observed, which is often linked to managerial attention.
TRUE OR FALSE: Industrial-organizational psychologists primarily work in laboratory settings rather than real-world workplaces.
False.
While some research is conducted in labs, I/O psychologists often work in corporate, government, and consulting environments.
TRUE OR FALSE: Human factors psychology focuses on designing workplace tools and environments to enhance productivity and safety.
True.
This field improves workplace efficiency by studying human-machine interaction and ergonomic design.
TRUE OR FALSE: A correlational study can establish a cause-and-effect relationship between two variables.
False.
Correlational studies only show relationships between variables but do not establish causation.
TRUE OR FALSE: Frederick Taylor’s scientific management principles influenced the development of assembly line production methods.
True.
Taylor’s principles of efficiency and task specialization influenced assembly line methods, such as those used by Henry Ford.
TRUE OR FALSE: Performance evaluations based on clearly defined job expectations are an important outcome of job analysis.
True.
Job analysis helps create clear expectations, which are used in performance evaluations.
TRUE OR FALSE: The Institutional Review Board (IRB) is responsible for ensuring that research studies are ethically conducted.
True.
The IRB reviews studies to protect research participants from ethical violations.
