Intro to invertebrate zoology

Question 1

What are the major phyla of invertebrates

Answer 1

protozoa, prolifera, Cnidaria, Platyhelminthes, Crenopora, Nametoda, Annelida, Arthropoda, Echidemata

Question 2

What are the characteristics of invertebrates?

Answer 2

Growth, metabolism, reproduction, cells, structure and form, chemical compounds

Question 3

Characteristics of marine environments

Answer 3

saline, stable, extensive, Avg, surface temperature of 20, light and temp. vary with depth, constant oxygen levels

Question 4

What are osmoconformers?

Answer 4

Organisms whose internal fluids are isotonic with the external environment

Question 5

Why do marine organisms evade the issue of support?

Answer 5

Because of the salinity and homogeneity found in marine environments

Question 6

Why are marine environments favourable for fertilization?

Answer 6

They provide a good medium for external fertilization and can transport gametes

Question 7

Animal life was said to have originated in fresh water environments true or false?

Answer 7

False. Animal life is believed t have originated in marine environments

Question 8

What are the most stable environments?

Answer 8

Marine environments

Question 9

What are the horizontal zones of the ocean

Answer 9

Neritic and oceanic

Question 10

What are the three neritic zones?

Answer 10

littoral, sublittoral and supralittoral

Question 11

which zone do tides rise and fall in?

Answer 11

littoral

Question 12

What are the benthic zones from shallowest to deepest?

Answer 12

Bathyal, abyssal, hadal

Question 13

What is the depth of the hadal zone?

Answer 13

6000-11000M

Question 14

In which pelagic zone does photosynthesis take place?

Answer 14

epipelagic

Question 15

Which benthic zone corelates with oceanic trenches?

Answer 15

hadal

Question 16

In terms of feeding

What type of animals live in aphontic and transition zones?

Answer 16

suspension feeders, carnivores and detritus

Question 16

Which zone houses many bioluminescent animals

Answer 16

mesopelagic zone

Question 17

What is the largest pelagic zone

Answer 17

Abyssopelagic zone which is 83% of the ocean

Question 18

differentiate the phontic, transition and aphontic zones

Answer 18

Phontic - light can penetrate and photosynthesis can take placeTransition- some light can penetrate and there are low rates of photosynthesisAphontic - no light penetrates.

Question 19

what part of the continent correlates with the abyssopelagic zone

Answer 19

Abyssal plane

Question 20

what are the partitions of the ocean according to penetration of light

Answer 20

phontic, transition and aphontic

Question 21

What are amnotelic organisms?

Answer 21

organisms which release excess waste in form of amonia

Question 22

what is an advantage of fresh water environments?

Answer 22

Buoyancy aids in support

Question 23

What are the 2 types of body symmetry

Answer 23

Radial and bilateral

Question 24

What makes fresh water environments less stable than marine environments?

Answer 24

fluctuations in;
water turbidity, water volume, oxygen content, . velocity and temperature.

Question 25

What challenge can low salt concentration pose?

Answer 25

excess water within the body

Question 26

What are osmoconformers?

Answer 26

organisms who regulate their osmotic pressure regardless of their external environment

Question 27

Why are the eggs of fresh water invertebrates not shed directly into water

Answer 27

To ensure a suitable environment for growth and to avid predators

Question 28

Apart from being osmoconformers what is one way organisms are adapted to low salt concentrations in marine environments

Answer 28

Having mechanisms to pump out excess water

Question 29

Most fresh water invertebrates have a free living larval stage true or false.

Answer 29

false. They usually undergo direct development into juveniles

Question 30

Why are many fresh water invertebrates lecithotropic

Answer 30

Their eggs have a lot of yolk to sustain them as they usually undergo direct development

Question 31

What are the characteristics of terrestrial environments

Answer 31

harshest environment, has no water, has high rates of evaporation

Question 32

what is the importance of a integument?

Answer 32

prevents desiccation, protects the internal structure of the organism

Question 33

how do terrestrial invertebrates release nitrogenous waste?

Answer 33

in form of urea and uric acid

Question 34

why is urea and uric acid favourable for terrestrial invertebrates

Answer 34

it is less toxic and less soluble than other nitrogenous waste