Intro to instruments Lecture

Question 1

What are the 4 types of hand hygiene?

Answer 1

1. Handwashing: soap and water
2. Anti-Septic: soap and water and other detergents
3. Alcohol based hand rub
4. Surgical hand hygiene

Question 2

What are the 5 steps of hand washing

Answer 2

1. Wet
2. Lather
3. Scrub
4. Rinse
5. Dry

Question 3

Describe how to inspect the eye with the ophthalmoscope

Answer 3

Identify the lens selector and select the o
Turn on the light
Ask the patient to “pick a spot” to look at over your shoulder
Look through the aperture
Place hand on forehead
(remember use the right hand to look in the patients right eye and vice versa)
Start 15 degrees from the center laterally and move toward the patient
Identify the red reflex

Question 4

Describe when to use the different sizes of lights in eye examinations

Answer 4

Large light is used with dilated eyes
Small light is best used if the pupils are super constricted
Most of the eye examinations are done with e MEDIUM light

Question 5

Describe when you would use half light in eye examinations

Answer 5

If the pupil is partially obstructed by a lens with cataracts; the half circle will go through to the eye in the area that is not covered up so that the light does not reflect off

Question 6

Describe when you would use red free light in eye examinations

Answer 6

To see the vessels in the eye

Question 7

Describe when you would use a slit beam light in eye examinations

Answer 7

To examine abnormalities of the cornea, lens, and retina

Question 8

Describe when you would use a blue light in eye examinations

Answer 8

When fluorescence is used

Question 9

Differentiate between air and bone conduction in a tuning fork test

Answer 9

Air conduction lasts longer than bony conduction and is held in front of the ear

In bony conduction, the handle is held on the boney area that is behind the ear

Question 10

Describe blood pressure cuff selection in terms of

1. length of the cuffs bladder
2. width of the cuffs bladder

Answer 10

1. Length of the bladder should be at least equal to 80% of the circumference of the upper arm
2. Width of the bladder should be at least equal to 40% of the length of the upper arm

Question 11

What is the first knocking sound called when taking the blood pressure?

Answer 11

Korotkoff

Question 12

Describe the “pre-requisites” for taking a blood pressure, what factors could cause error in your readings?

Answer 12

Patient should not smoke, exercise, or drink caffeine less 30 minutes prior to reading
Exam room should be quiet and warm
Patient should sit quietly for 5 minutes
Arm should be free of clothing

Question 13

What are reasons for obtaining a falsely high BP?

Answer 13

Brachial artery is below the heart
Cuff is too small (narrow)
Cuff is too large (wide)

Question 14

What are reasons for obtaining a falsely low BP?

Answer 14

Brachial artery is above the heart

Cuff is too large on a small arm

Question 15

What is the ausculatory gap

Answer 15

period of diminished or absent Korotkoff sounds

Question 16

What are 5 ways in which the temperature can be taken?

Answer 16

Orally 
Rectally 
Axillary 
Ear 
Skin

Question 17

What are the foundations of osteopathic medicine

Answer 17

1. The body was a unit
2. The body possesses self-regulatory mechanisms
3. structure and function are reciprocally interrelated
   Rational therapy is based upon an understanding of the body unity and the relationship of structure and function