intro to injury assessment Flashcards
define evaluation
a systematic process that allows for an assessment
define assesment
a procedure through which the clinician determines S.I.N.S
S.I.N.S
Severity
Intensity
Nature
Stage
what are the criteria for RTP
- no P!
- full ROM
- full flexibility
- good strength
- good endurance
- good proprioception
- good agility and coordination
RTP qualification and criteria is based off of ____ ____ measurements
base line
what are the steps to the evaluation process
-History
-Observation
-Palpation
-Functional Assessment
-Ligamentous tests
-Neurological assessment
-Special tests
what are the two areas of observation/inspection
-total individual
-site of pathology
define comparable pain
complaints of pain during testing
a soft end feel to PROM is described as
- occurs in a joint that normally has a hard/firm end feel (boggy)
soft end feel example
-soft tissue edema
-synovitis
a firm end feel to PROM can be described as
occuring in a joint that normally has a soft or hard end feel
firm end feel example
increased muscular tone, capsular, muscular, ligamentous shortening
osteoarthritis
a hard end feel can be described as
occuring in a joint that normally has a soft or firm end feel (bony/block)
hard end feel example
loose bodies in joint, heterotopic ossification, fracture
a spasm end feel can be described as
joint motion is stopped by involuntary or voluntary muscle contraction
a empty end feel can be described as
no real end feel, pain inhibits ROM, no resistance felt except for patient’s protective muscle
empty end feel example
-acute joint inflammation
-bursitis
-abscess
-fracture
-psychogenic origin
3 neurological assessment
dermatomes and myotomes
- sensory
- motor
- reflex
0/5 MMT/RROM
no contraction is felt
1/5 MMT/RROM
patient cant produce movement , but a muscle contraction is palpable
2/5 MMT/PROM
patient can be moved in gravity-minimized position through full ROM
3/5 MMT/RROM
patient can move body against gravity through full ROM
4/5 MMT RROM
patient can resist against moderate pressure
5/5 MMT RROM
patient can resist against maximal pressure and examiner is unable to overcome the patients resistance
who made the “key for diagnosing is applying anatomy” quote
cyriax
PEACE & LOVE
protection
elevation
avoid anti inflammatory
compression
education
load
optimism
vascularisation
exercise
5 cardinal signs of inflammation
- calor
- tumor
- dolor
- rubor
- functio laesa
P.O.L.I.C.E
- protection
- optimal
- loading
- ice
- compression
- elevation
steps to the physical examination process (
1) test normal side first
2) AROM, PROM, RROM
4) full AROM overpressure applied to determine end-feel
6) myotomes
contractile tissue
muscles, tendons and their attachments into bone
inert tissue
joint capsule, ligaments, bursa, blood vessels, nerves, cartilage
abnormal signs of functional testing include
- muscle spasm
- capsular
- bone to bone
- empty
- spring block
the loss of tone and muscle mass is defined as a
nerve root lesion
little sensory/autonomic, mainly motor involvement is defined as
peripheral nerve lesion
abnormal sensation
paresthesia
sensation of insects crawling on your skin (tingling, form of paresthesia
formication
increased sensation
hyperesthesia
decreased sensation
hypoesthesia
area of skin innervated by a single nerve root
dermatome
group of muscles supplied by a single nerve root
myotome
are of bone or fascia supplied by a single nerve root
sclerotome
absent or without sensation
anesthesia
motor, sensory, or sympathetic?
- paralysis
- loss of reflexes
- atrophy
motor
motor, sensory, or sympathetic?
- sensory loss
- skin changes
sensory
motor, sensory, or sympathetic?
- loss of sweat secretions
- loss of pilomotor “goose bumps response”
sympathetic
plexus lesion
plexopathy
myelo
medulla oblongata
pinched nerve, spinal nerve roots
radiculopathy
peripheral nerve lesion characterised by 3 sub categories
neuropathy
Seddon’s classifications of neuropathy
- neurapraxia
- axonotmesis
- neurotmesis
a lesion proximal to the anterior horn of the spinal cord that results in paralysis and loss of voluntary movement, spacity, sensory loss, and pathological reflexes
UMNL
upper motor neuron lesion
a lesion of the anterior horn of the spinal cord, nerve roots, or peripheral nerves resulting in decreased reflexes, flaccid, paralysis, and atrophy
LMNL
lower motor neuron lesion
