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Hydrotherapy 100 > Intro to Hydrotherapy > Flashcards

Intro to Hydrotherapy Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of Hydrotherapy

A

aka Temperature Therapy
Use of water (in any of its forms) to the body - externally or internally - for maintenance of health or treatment of disease/trauma

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2
Q

2 Types of Temperature Therapy

A 
Thermal therapy (heat)
Cryotherapy (frost)
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3
Q

Body Systems affected

A
  • Nervous
  • Circulatory
  • Musculoskeletal
  • Endocrine
  • Integumentary
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4
Q

Ways to Apply Temperature Therapy (7)

A
  • Hydrocollator Packs/Thermophore
  • Steam rooms
  • Paraffin wax
  • Whirlpoosl/swimming pools/cold showers
  • Contrast arm baths
  • Contrast foot baths
  • Ice massage
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5
Q

Forms of Water Used (3)

A
  • Liquid
  • Solid
  • Gas (Vapour)
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6
Q

Rationale of Hydrotherapy

A
  • Body is 70% water
  • Works synergistically with natural healing mechanisms of body
  • Water is able to carry heat or cold
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7
Q

What makes Hydrotherapy Therapeutic

A
  • Temperature difference between part of body and heat/cold being applied
  • Most important aspect! The body’s temperature can affect the therapeutic outcome
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8
Q

What is Homeostasis

A
  • Constant unchanging state
  • An organisms ability to maintain a stable internal environment regardless of what’s happening in the external environment around it
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9
Q

Purpose of Hydrotherapy (3)

A
  • Restore homeostasis
  • Normalize quantity of blood circulating through a specific area by manipulating factors that affect the circulatory system
  • Strengthen body’s stress response
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10
Q

What can the Therapist Control (3)

A
  • Temperature
  • Duration
  • Extent of treatment
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11
Q

What can NOT be controlled by the Therapist (3)

A
  • Disease or condition
  • Vitality of client
  • Client’s tolerance for the treatment
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12
Q

What is “Reaction”

A
  • How the body responds to stress

- Body initiates strengthening reactions that increase speed and efficiency of its feedback responses

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13
Q

Anatomical Properties of the Skin

A
  • Largest organ (approx 16% of body weight)

- 3 layers: epidermis, dermis, hypodermis/subcutaneous

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14
Q

Functions of the Skin (5)

A

1) Protection
2) Thermoregulation
3) Sensation
4) Excretion
5) Absorption (ie Vitamin D synthesis)

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15
Q

How Skin Protects (5)

A
  • First line of defence against pathogens
  • Melanin (UV Rays)
  • Keratin (durability)
  • Fatty/lipid Substance (prune-y skin for waterproofing)
  • Calluses (Protects underlying structures from repetitive friction)
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16
Q

How Skin Thermoregulates

A

The dermis contains 8-10% of body’s blood

*Subcutaneous blood vessels dilate and constrict in response to temperature

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17
Q

Response to Heat - Process

A

Derivation

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18
Q

Derivation

A

Blood vessels expand (vasodilate), capillaries fill and . bring more blood to the surface of the body so heat can escape

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19
Q

Response to Cold - Process

A

Retrostasis

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20
Q

Retrostasis

A

Blood vessels narrow (vasoconstrict) which reduces blood flow at surface thereby conserving heat in the body

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21
Q

What does the skin excrete (4)

A

Salts
Carbon Dioxide
Ammonia
Urea

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22
Q

Purpose of excretion

A

Helps reduce demand on other organs used for eliminating and filtering toxins

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23
Q

How does the skin perform Absorption

A

Skin absorbs fat-soluble materials through capillaries in hair shafts therefore therapeutic additives can be added to water treatments

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24
Q

Body’s Thermostat

A

Hypothalamus via feedback loop

*Skin temperature is most important signal it receives!

25
Q

Core temperature vs Skin Temperature

A 
Core = 37 degrees
Skin = 33-35 degrees
26
Q

Thermo Receptors of Body (3)

A

1) Pre-optic area of hypothalamus
2) Spinal cord, abdomen and other internal structures
3) Skin

27
Q

How does the Pre-optic area of Hypothalamus regulate temperature

A

Heat sensitive neurons increase impulse output as temperature increases and decrease impulse output as temp decreases

28
Q

How do the Spinal cord and Abdomen regulate temperature

A

Transmit signals, mostly cold, to central nervous system

29
Q

How does the Skin regulate temperature

A

Contains receptors for hot AND cold
Transmit nerve impulses to spinal cord to then be relayed to hypothalamus
*4 to 10 times as many cold receptors as hot!

30
Q

Properties of Water (9)

A

1) Exists in 3 states
2) Easily applied (bend to any shape)
3) Accessible
4) Universal Solvent (passes through tissues easily)
5) Hydrostatic Pressure
6) Buoyancy
7) Absorbs and Stores Heat (specific heat)
8) Thermal Conductivity
9) Mechanical and Chemical Effects (water jets; epsom)

31
Q

What is Hydrostatic Pressure

A
  • Pressure being exerted on a body submerged in water remains the same at a constant depth
  • Horizontal pressure remains equal at any depth
  • Pressure increases in proportion to depth measured from the surface because of the increasing weight of fluid exerting downward force from above
  • Therefore density of the fluid affects the pressure too
32
Q

What is Buoyancy

A

Density of the body is similar to that of water

*Salt makes sea water more dense = more buoyancy

33
Q

What is Specific Heat

A
  • Capacity of a substance to absorb (and give up) heat
  • Water is the standard of specific heat as it can absorb more heat for a given weight than any other substance
  • Water has a specific heat of 1
34
Q

Significance of Specific Heat of Water

A
  • 1 calorie (unit of heat) is required to raise 1 gram of water by 1 degree celcius
  • Takes a lot of heat to raise the temp of water which means it releases a lot of heat as it cools
35
Q

What is Latent Heat

A

Amount of heat required to produce a change in state

36
Q

Latent Heat of Vaporization

A

Energy required for liquid water –> vapour

37
Q

Latent Heat of Fusion

A

Energy required for liquid water –> solid

38
Q

What is Thermal Conductivity

A
  • Capacity of a substance to transfer heat to other substances
  • Higher conductivity = better ability to transfer heat
  • Water readily transfers or removes heat when in contact
  • solids = 100x more than liquids; liquids 100x more than gases
39
Q

What do Local Effects do (3)

A

*specific area/body part
- increase or decrease blood flow
- alternating local immune responses
- increased pliability of the tissue
Ex Paraffin Wax

40
Q

How do Systemic Effects work

A

Whole body treatment

Ex jacuzzi - pressure exerted on body has a systemic effect beyond that of temperature alone

41
Q

How do Reflex Effects work

A

Primary means by which temperature affects internal organs
Ex stimulus on outside of body is picked up by central nervous system which enacts an internal response; cold on liver to “flush” it; warm on abdomen for diarrhea; cold on abdomen for constipation

42
Q

Categories of Reflex Effects (3)

A

1) Vasomotor
2) Visceromotor
3) Glandular

43
Q

Vasomotor Effect

A

Affects smooth muscle of blood vessels resulting in dilation or constriction

44
Q

Visceromotor Effect

A

The effects on smooth muscle tissue of viscera caused by temperature change

45
Q

Glandular Effect

A

Effects that temperature can cause on glandular secretions (mucus, hormones, enzymes)

46
Q

Definition of Heat Transfer

A

An exchange of energy between two materials based on temperature difference between them

47
Q

Types of Heat Transfer (5)

A

1) Conduction
2) Convection
3) Evaporation
4) Radiation
5) Conversion

48
Q

Conduction

A

Direct contact needed (Ex hydrocollator pack)

49
Q

Convection

A

Result of movement of heated liquid or gas between surfaces with different tempeartures

50
Q

Radiation

A

Transfer of heat via infrared rays (contact not needed)

51
Q

Conversion

A
  • Heat not from an external source but from energy moving through a substance
    Ex Ultrasonic instrument
52
Q

What is the Temperature Scale (7)

A 
Cold
Temperate
Lukewarm
Neutral/Indifferent
Warm
Hot
Very Hot
53
Q

Temperate

A

19C-22C

54
Q

Lukewarm

A

23C-32C

55
Q

Neutral/Indifferent

A

Skin Temp!

33C-35C

56
Q

Warm

A

36C-38C

57
Q

Hot

A

39C-41C

58
Q

Very Hot

A

42C-44C

59
Q

Cold

A

16C-18C

Hydrotherapy 100 (1 decks)

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