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Hydrotherapy > Intro to Hydrotherapy > Flashcards

Intro to Hydrotherapy Flashcards

1
Q

What is hydrotherapy?

A

the use of water in any of its three forms as a temperature medium to achieve therapeutic effects

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2
Q

What are the three forms of water?

A

solid, liquid, gas

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3
Q

What is Thermotherapy?

A

hydrotherapy using heat

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4
Q

What is Cryotherapy?

A

hydrotherapy using cold

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5
Q

What are the properties of water?

A

specific heat, thermal conductivity, hydrostatic pressure, buoyancy, resistance, chemical properties, electrical properties, portability, latent heat

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6
Q

How much more heat does water store than paraffin wax?

A

2 times

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7
Q

How much more heat does water store than air?

A

4 times

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8
Q

Solids have about _____ times more conductivity than liquids

A

100

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9
Q

Liquids have about _____ times more conductivity than gas

A

100

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10
Q

What is hydrostatic pressure?

A

the force a fluid exerts on a body, increases with water depth

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11
Q

How much water exerts the same amount of pressure as the pressure in the veins?

A

15cm of water

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12
Q

What is buoyancy?

A

the ability to float, the force pressing up on a body in liquid is equal to the amount of liquid displaced

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13
Q

Buoyancy depends of _______ versus lean muscle mass of body composition

A

adipose fat

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14
Q

How much more resistant is water than air?

A

12-34 times the resistance of air

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15
Q

What is the most important chemical property of water?

A

an effective solvent, able to dissolve and hold within it many substances

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16
Q

True or false: Water is a very poor conductor of electricity

A

False: water is a very GOOD conductor of electricity

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17
Q

What is latent heat?

A

energy is required when water converts from one state to another

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18
Q

How much energy does it cost to convert ice into water?

A

80 Kcal

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19
Q

How much energy does it cost to convert water into steam?

A

540 Kcal

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20
Q

What part(s) of the body does hydrotherapy primarily effect?

A

circulatory, skin, and nervous system

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21
Q

What is the largest organ in the body?

A

Skin

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22
Q

How much of the total body weight does the skin make up?

A

approximately 16%

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23
Q

What are the functions of skin?

A

protection, thermoregulation, excretion, absorption, vitamin D synthesis and sensation

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24
Q

How does the skin protect?

A

barrier to foreign substances, melanin protects from UV rays, keratin toughens skin, lipids waterproof skin, calluses protect from friction

25
Q

How much of the body’s blood flow does the dermis contain at rest?

A

8-10%

26
Q

True or false: the skin contains 10x less blood than needed for its own maintenance

A

False: skin contains 10x MORE blood than needed for its own maintenance

27
Q

How much can blood volume in the skin increase or decrease by?

A

as much as 20x in emergencies

28
Q

How do the blood vessels in the skin contribute to thermoregulation?

A

blood vessels dilate in response to heat bringing more blood to the surface to allow heat transfer out of the body

29
Q

How do the blood vessels in the skin react to cold?

A

blood vessels constrict in response to cold to reduce blood volume to the surface

30
Q

How does the skin assist in excretion?

A

has a small role in excretion of salt, CO2, ammonia and urea as well as drugs and heavy metals

31
Q

Other than the skin what are the other organs of elimination?

A

kidneys, intestines, liver, lungs, spleen

32
Q

What does the skin absorb?

A

some items such as fat soluble materials (vit A, D, E K), industrial chemicals, some minerals, medications, herbal preparations, essential oils

33
Q

True or false: the skin has few receptors for senstation

A

False: skin has more receptors for sensation than any other body tissue

34
Q

What type of receptors does the skin contain?

A

thermal and mechanical (light tough, change in pressure, fast/slow vibrations, deep pressure)

35
Q

What is the core temperature?

A

37 degrees

36
Q

What is the shell temperature?

A

1-6 degrees cooler than core temperature

37
Q

Heat production is equal to what?

A

the rate of metabolic functions

38
Q

What is conduction?

A

heat transfer via direct contact

39
Q

What is convection?

A

heat transfer by moving air or liquid

40
Q

What is radiation?

A

heat transfer in the form of infrared radiation

41
Q

How is evaporation related to heat transfer?

A

changing water into water vapour

42
Q

What is conversion?

A

heat transfer with no external heat source, heat comes from the energy coursing through

43
Q

What is the “thermostat” for the body?

A

hypothalamus

44
Q

How does the body try to conserve heat?

A

vasoconstriction, hormone release, shivering, goosebumps

45
Q

How does the body promote heat loss?

A

passive conduction (3%), expiration (20%), skin (75-85%), decrease metabolic rate, vasodialation, perspiration

46
Q

What is the effect of vasoconstriction?

A

reduces heat loss via blood at the bodys surface

47
Q

What is the effect of shivering?

A

generates heat due to the movement

48
Q

What is the effect of goose bumps?

A

hair creates an insulating layer which conserves heat at the surface of the skin

49
Q

What are the effects of vasodialation?

A

increases heat loss via blood at the bodys surface

50
Q

What is the effect of perspiring?

A

evaporating perspiration cools the bodys surface

51
Q

What are the effects of an increase in breathing rate?

A

heat escapes via the warm breath

52
Q

What is a reaction?

A

body’s healthy response to stress

53
Q

What are the factors influencing reaction strength?

A

application temperature, skin temp, size of treatment area, tissue density, application duration, clients condition and constitution, addition of herbal additive

54
Q

What are the types of reactions?

A

positive (intended reaction) and negative (unexpected or unwanted reaction)

55
Q

What is a strengthening reaction?

A

increasing tissue activity ie. increase blood flow

56
Q

What is a suppressive reaction?

A

slows or reduces tissue activity ie. cold to reduce pain

57
Q

When are negative reactions more likely to occur?

A

hot/contrast, tx too long, too many applications, tx too short or incomplete, person is already chilled, too intense

58
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of a negative reactions?

A

disoriented/faint, shivering, asthma (cold), headache, increased or decreased blood pressure, nausea, hyperventialting

59
Q

What are the 4 main types of negative reactions?

A

arterial, venous, paradox or combination

Hydrotherapy (3 decks)

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