Intro to HUMPHY Flashcards
sharp bladed instrument used to cut a specimen
scalpel or knife
cutting tools with two blades joined in the center such that the sharp edges of the blades slip into each other
scissors
used in separating tissues, exploring cavities, tracing blood vessels and pointing structures
probes
used to grasp small objects, to separate, point, and to pull on structures
forceps
useful in measuring organs and in many non-dissection lab activities
ruler
instrument used to examine objects that are too small to be seen by the naked eye
microscope
difference between anatomy and physiology
anatomy - study of the structures and body parts
physiology - study on how these parts functions and relate to one another
function always reflects structure
studies the structure of body parts and their relationships
anatomy
study of how the body and its parts work or function
physiology
anatomy: levels of study
gross or macroscopic anatomy
surface anatomy
microscopic anatomy
developmental anatomy
- large structures
- can be seen with the naked eye
- approach of study: regional and systemic anatomy
gross or macroscopic anatomy
studies all structures and their function in all regions
ex. abdomen, arm
regional anatomy
system by system
systemic anatomy
study of external structures as they relate to the overlying skin surface
surface anatomy
defined as the smallest, structural and functional unit of an organism, which is characteristically microscopic
cell
defined as the distinct types of material consisting of specialized cells and their products
tissue
traces structural changes that occur in the body throughout the life span
developmental anatomy
concerns developmental changes that occur before birth
embryology
language of anatomy terms are used for
position
direction
region
structure
anatomical position is placed face-up
supine position
anatomical position is placed face-down
prone position
combines the posterior and superior
posterosuperior view
combines the anterior and superior
anterosuperior view
toward the head end or upper part of a structure of the body; above
superior (cranial or cephalad)
away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure of the body; below
inferior (caudal)
toward or at the front of the body; in front
anterior (ventral)
toward or at the backside of the body; behind
posterior (dorsal)
body cavities
dorsal and ventral body cavity
away from the midline of the body; outer side of the body
lateral
BODY CAVITY???
- cranial houses the brain
- spinal cavity houses the spinal cord
dorsal body cavity
between a more medial and a more lateral structure
intermediate
BODY CAVITY???
- thoracic cavity houses heart, lungs, and others
- adbominopelvic cavity houses digestive system and most urinary system organs
ventral body cavity
close to the origin of the body part or point of attachment to a limb to the body trunk
proximal
houses the brain
within the rigid skull, contains the brain
cranial cavity
farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
distal
toward or at the body surface of
superficial
houses the spinal cord
spinal cavity
away from the body surface; more internal
deep
runs within the bony vertebral column, protects the spinal cord
vertebral cavity
an imaginary line drawn through the body which separates it into sections
body planes
frontal (coronal)
sagittal (longitudinal)
transverse (horizontal, axial)
median plane
houses heart, lungs and others
thoracic cavity
runs vertically through the body and separates it into left and right parts
sagittal plane
houses digestive system and most urinary system organs
abdominopelvic cavity
runs parallel to the surface of the ground, dividing the body into superior and inferior parts
transverse
divisions of the spinal cord
cervical
thoracic
lumbar
sacrum
runs vertically from left to right and divides the body into anterior and posterior parts
frontal (coronal) plane
organs in pleural cavity
lungs
organs in mediastinum
esophagus, throat
organs in pericardial
heart
called serous membranes or serosa
ventral body cavity membrane
lines internal walls
parietal serosa
covers the internal organs
visceral serosa
separates the serosae
serous fluid
abdominopelvic quadrants
left upper
left lower
right upper
right lower
nine abdominopelvic regions
- right hypochondriac region
- epigastric region
- left hypochondriac region
- right lumbar region
- umbilical region
- left lumbar region
- right inguinal (iliac) region
- hypogastric (pubic) region
- left inguinal (iliac) region
right hypochondriac region
liver
gallbladder
epigastric region
stomach
left hypochondriac region
diaphragm
spleen
right lumbar region
ascending colon of large intestine
umbilical region
transcending colon of large intestine
small intestine
left lumbar region
descending colon of large intestine
right inguinal/iliac region
cecum
appendix
hypogastric/pubic region
bladder
left inguinal/iliac region
initial part of sigmoid colon
other body cavities
oral and digestive cavities
nasal cavities
orbital cavities
middle ear cavities
synovial cavities
