Intro to Human Nutrition Flashcards
Nutrition
process of nourishing or being nourished; process by which a living organism assimilates and uses food
Assimilate
to take in, digest, and transform food into living tissue
Nourish
to provide with substances necessary for life and growth
Nutrients
substances required for life and growth
Essential Nutrient
Nutrient that the body can only take in via food
What is an example of an essential nutrient?
Vitamin C
Non-Essential Nutrient
Nutrients that the body needs that can be gained via food and other sources
Phytonutrient
compounds found in foods that are not necessary for life/growth but may protect against disease
What is an example of a non-essential nutrient?
Cholesterol
What are some examples of phytonutrients?
Lycopene, lutein
How many essential nutrients are there?
45
What are the two types of essential nutrients?
Macronutrients, micronutrients
Macronutrient
nutrients present in the body in larger amounts
What are the three macronutrients?
Lipids, proteins carbohydrates
How many cals/gram are in lipids?
9 cals/gram
How many cals/gram are in carbohydrates?
4 cals/gram
How many cals/gram are in proteins?
4 cals/grams
Calorie
unit of heat equal to the amount of energy needed to raise 1g of water by 1ºC
Micronutrients
vitamins and minerals needed in the body in small amounts
How many cal/gram are in alcohol?
7 cal/gram
