Intro To Human Body Flashcards by Emily Rivera

Anatomy is the study of…

The structure of the body

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Physiology is the study of…

The function of the parts of the body

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How are anatomy and physiology related?

Structure determines function

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Homeostasis is…

A dynamic state of equilibrium

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At the chemical level…

Atoms are organized into molecules

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At the cellular level….

Molecules are organized into cells

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What is the basic structural and functional living units of an organism?

Cells

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What are cells organized into?

Tissue

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How many major families of tissues are there?

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What are the four major tissues?

Epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous

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At the organ level, two or more different types of tissues are organized into?

Organs

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At the system level (organ-system level), related organs are organized into what?

Systems

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How many systems are in the body?

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Integumentary system contains…

Skin,hair,nails

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Skeletal system contains…

Bone, cartilage, joints

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Muscular system contains…

Skeletal muscle, tendons, cardiac muscle, smooth muscle

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Cardiovascular system contains…

Heart, arteries, blood vessels: veins

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Lymphatic system and immunity contain…

Thymus gland, lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils

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Nervous system contains…

Brain, spinal cord, nerves

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Endocrine system contains…

Thyroid gland, adrenal glands, pineal glands, pituitary gland, parathyroid glands

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Respiratory system contains…

Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs

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Digestive system contains…

Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus

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Urinary system contains…

Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

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Reproductive systems contain (male)

Ductus (Vas deferens), prostate gland, penis, testes

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Reproductive system contains (female)…

Ovaries or fallopian tubes, uterus, uterine tube, vagina, mammary glands

At the organismal level, all systems are structurally integrated and function cooperatively to constitute the total…

Organism

Is the total of all chemical reactions occurring in the body; it includes breaking down large, complex molecules into smaller simpler ones as well as building the body’s structural and functional components

Metabolism

Is the ability to detect and respond to changes occurring outside the body and inside the body…

Responsiveness

Includes motion of the entire body, individual organs, single cells, or even structures inside cells…

Movement

Refers to an increase in overall body size due to an increase in the number and/ or size of cells, or the amount of substance surrounding cells…

Growth

What is differentiation?

The process by which unspecialized cells develop into specialized cells

The cells that can divide and give rise to progeny that undergo differentiation are…

Stem cells

Is the process by which new cells are formed for growth, repair, replacement or for the production of a new individual…

Reproduction

Any abnormality of structure and or function is a…

Disorder

A more specific term for an illness characterized by a recognizable set of symptoms and signs is a…

Disease

Symptoms are ___________

Subjective

Signs are ____________

Objective

The body is erect with the feet flat on the floor, and the upper limbs are at the sides with the palms facings forward….

Anatomical position

If the body is lying face down it is in the…

Prone position

If the body is lying face up, it is in the….

Supine position

Orbital =

Eyes

Buccal =

Cheek

Oral =

Mouth

Mental =

Chin

Axillary =

Armpit

Brachial =

Arm

Antecubital =

Forearm

Cervical =

Neck

Digital =

Fingers & toes

Umbilical =

Navel

Thoracic=

Chest

Sternal =

Breastbone

Inguinal =

Groin

Carpal =

Wrist

Pubic =

Pelvis

Femoral =

Thigh

Patellar =

Anterior surface of knee

Crural =

Leg (calf)

Occipital

Base of skull

Scapular

Shoulder blade

Dorsal

Mid back

Lumbar

Loin

Sacral

Between hips

Gluteal

Buttocks

Popliteal

Hollow behind knee

Crural

Calf

Olecranal

Back of elbow

Coxal

Lateral side of hips

Calcaneal

Heel

Coccygeal

Tailbone

Toward the head…

Superior, cranial, cephalad

Away from the head…

Inferior, caudad

Towards the front of the body

Anterior, ventral

Towards the back of the body

Posterior, dorsal

Toward the midline of the body

Medial

Further away from the midline of the body

Lateral

(Refers to limbs) closer to the point of attachment of a limb

Proximal

(Refers to limbs) farther away from the point of attachment of a limb

Distal

Towards the surface of the body

Superficial

Towards the center of the body

Deep

Outside of the body

External

Inside of the body

Internal

In between

Intermediate

An imaginary flat surface that passes through the body in order to provide an informative view of a specific region of the body

A plane

A flat surface of the body that may be studied after the body has been cut along a specific plane…

A section

Divides the body into right and left parts

Sagittal/ parasagittal

Divides the body into EQUAL right and left half’s

Midsagittal

Divides the body into anterior and posterior parts

Frontal or coronal

Divides the body into superior and inferior parts

Transverse

Cuts the body at an angle

Oblique planes

Protects the brain

Cranial cavity

Protects the spinal cord

Vertebral (spinal) canal/cavity

Separated from the abdominopelvic cavity by the diaphragm

Thoracic cavity

Contains most of our digestive structures (including abdominal and pelvic cavities)

Abdominopelvic cavity

Adominopelvic region (Right) side

(R) hypochondriac region, (r) lumbar region, (r) inguinal region

Abdominopelvic region (left) side

(L) hypochondriac region, (l) lumbar region, (l) inguinal region

Abdominopelvic region (middle)

Epigastric region, umbilical region, pubic region (hypogastric region)

Abdominopelvic quadrants (right)

(R) upper quadrant (RUQ), (r) lower quadrant (RLQ)

Abdominopelvic quadrants (left)

(L) upper quadrant (LUQ), (L) lower quadrant (LLQ)