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Histo Lec > Intro to Histo and Tissue Processing > Flashcards

Intro to Histo and Tissue Processing Flashcards

1
Q

Is the study of tissues, their functions and
arrangement to constitute an organ.

A

HISTOLOGY

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2
Q

histology Branch of Anatomy

A

Microscopic
anatomy

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3
Q

is a group of cells WITH INTERRELATED FUNCTION

A

Tissue

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3
Q

T or F
Cells in the tissue need to be the same type, or same
morphology.

A

FALSE

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4
Q

Organization of Human body

A

Atoms - Molecules - Organelles -Cells - Tissue - Organ- Organ System - Body

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5
Q

4 Basic Type of Tissue

A

Epithelial Tissue
Connective Tissue
Muscle Tissue
Nervous Tissue

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6
Q

Best example of organ that has all the types of tissue.

A

Stomach

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7
Q

Provide protection, and functions for absorption and secretion.

What type of tissue?

A

Epithelial Tissue

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8
Q

What characteristics does make the epithelial tissue avascular?

A

The cells are tightly packed. Thus, no space for blood vessels

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9
Q

If the epithelial
tissue in
stomach is
avascular, how
can it get its
oxygen and
blood supply?

A

The connective tissue
below is highly
vascularized, to which it
shares blood supply and
oxygen to the tightly
packed epithelial tissue.

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10
Q

Provides blood supply to epithelium and links it to another/other tissue

A

Connective Tissue

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11
Q

are responsible for
connecting the
epithelial tissues to
the muscle tissue

A

Connective Tissue

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12
Q

Provide movement of tissue

A

Muscle Tissue

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13
Q

Provides sensation, control and information processing

A

Nervous Tissue

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14
Q

T or F
Tissues are
always tightly
packed with cells

A

FALSE

Tissues are not
always tightly
packed with cells
but rather is also
composed of Fibers
and Ground
substances.

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15
Q

Tissue is composed of?

A

Cells and Extracellular Matrix

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16
Q

Fibers and Ground
substances are
referred to as

A

Extracellular Matrix

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17
Q

cells that secrete matrix proteins

A

Fibroblasts

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18
Q

Matrix of loose connective tissue

A

Ground Substance

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19
Q

Fat cell is also called

A

Adipocyte

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20
Q

Extracellular matrix is composed of?

A

Ground Substance and Fibers

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21
Q

In Lab, we view specimens through?

A

Microscope

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22
Q

To study tissues it must be?

A

thin and translucent histological sections or tissue that can be studied with the aid of ircsope

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23
Q

Steps of Tissue Processing

A

Fixation
Decalcification
Dehydration
Clearing
Infiltration
Embedding
Sectioning
Staining
Mounting

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24
Q

Also known as To Preserve

A

Fixation

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25
Q

Since cellular decomposition begins immediately after the
death of a human/patient, tissues must be______ to prevent
alterations in their strUcture through decomposition

A

Fixed/Undergo Fixation

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26
Q

WHY IS FIXATION
IMPORTANT?

A

to
prevent the decay of
the tissue.

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27
Q

4 Most Important role of Fixation

A

1 Avoid tissue destruction by digestive enzymes (autolysis) or
through bacterial degradation.

2 Terminate cell metabolism

(3) Hardens the tissue by cross-linking or denaturing proteins

(4) Kill pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi and
viruses

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28
Q

Commonly used fixation agent

A

Formalin

29
Q

Only done in specimens as bone and calcified tissues

A

Decalcification

30
Q

Commonly used decalcification Agent

A

Nitric Acid

31
Q

True or False
Decalcification is limited to bones and teeth

A

FALSE

It can also be used in Arteries, because the muscle cells in the blood vessel wall strat to change into bone like cells when they are old or diseased

32
Q

____ Removes water out of tissue

A

Alcohol

33
Q

Done by successively bathing the specimen in mixture of ethanol and
water from 70% to 100%. (increasing concentration of alcohol)

A

Dehydration

34
Q

Standard Dehydration percentage process

A

50%
70%
90%
100%

35
Q

Why dehydration is ascending grades of alcohol?

A

To preserve the morphology and the appearance of the organ.

36
Q

Common dehydrating agent

A

Ethanol

37
Q

Removal of the dehydrating agent by immersing the specimen in the
solvent that the alcohol and embedding medium is miscible

A

Clearing

38
Q

Clearing Agent is volatile (highly) when in contact with

A

Heat

39
Q

Common Clearing agent

A

Xylene and Toluene

40
Q

After the clearing prOcedure, the tisSue is placed ina melted paraffin
in an oven set at 52-60 degree CelsiuS.

A

Infiltration

41
Q

The heat causes the clearing agent to evaporate so that the tissue will
be filled up with the paraffin.

A

Infiltration

42
Q

In infiltration, The heat causes the clearing agent to evaporate so that the tissue will
be filled up with the ______

A

paraffin

43
Q

During Infiltration, The tisSue is placed ina melted paraffin
in an oven set at ______ degree CelsiuS.

A

52-60 degree C

44
Q

Difference between Embedding and Infiltration

A

Infiltration uses heat and parafin wax whereas Embedding uses plastic resins

45
Q

Similarity of Embedding and Infiltration

A

They are for hardening the tissue

46
Q

Makes use of plastic solution which hardens the tissue by cross-linking polymers

A

Plastic Resins as Embedding

47
Q

Advantage of Embedding

A

Eliminates the use of oven and paraffin = avoids burn

Little Distortion

48
Q

After the specimen is hardened,it is timmed into appropriately sized
blocks

A

Cutting and Sectioning

49
Q

It is the removal of excess paraffin

A

Cutting

50
Q

The block is then ______ and cut with a steel knife .

A

Mounted

51
Q

It is done with the aid of microtome

A

Sectioning

52
Q

Microtome Parts

A

Drive Wheel
Block Holder
Paraffin Block
Tissue
Steel Knife

53
Q

Since paraffin is colorless, ______ is a must

A

Staining

54
Q

Application of colors to tissue to highlight structures

A

Staining

55
Q

Most commonly used stains

A

Hematoxylin and Eosin

56
Q

Hematoxylin and Eosin are _____ solubles

A

Water solubles

57
Q

Basic dye

A

Hematoxylin

58
Q

Acidic dye

A

Eosin

59
Q

usually stains nucleus and RNA-Containing
portion of cytoplasm

A

Hematoxylin

60
Q

USUally cytoplasmic components and collagen

A

Eosin

61
Q

Tissues with negative charges/acids are readily stained with

A

Basic dyes - Hematoxylin

62
Q

Tissues with negative charges are readily stained with

A

Basic dyes

63
Q

Tissues with positive charges are stained with

A

Acidic dyes

64
Q

Tissues that are basic are readily stained with

A

Acidic dyes

65
Q

Tissues with negtive charges/acids are readily stained with basic dyes-
BASOPHILIC or ACIDOPHILIC

A

BASOPHILIC

66
Q

Tissues with positive charges are stained with acidic dyes -
BASOPHILIC or ACIDOPHILIC

A

ACIDOPHILIC

67
Q

To preserve and support a stained section
for light microscopy, it is______ on a
clear glass slide, and covered with a _______

A

mounted; thin
glass coverslip

68
Q

Placing cut sections on a slide with
mounting media such as _________

A

glycerin or resins

69
Q

What is the faster way to do biopsy?

A

FROZEN SECTION BIOPSY.

70
Q

It is done rapidly and is done in hospital to study specimens during surgery

A

Frozen sections

71
Q

In Frozen section, what are best preserved in this method ?

A

Lipids and Enzymes

Histo Lec (1 decks)

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