Intro to Histo and Tissue Processing

Question 1

Is the study of tissues, their functions and
arrangement to constitute an organ.

Answer 1

HISTOLOGY

Question 2

histology Branch of Anatomy

Answer 2

Microscopic
anatomy

Question 3

is a group of cells WITH INTERRELATED FUNCTION

Answer 3

Tissue

Question 3

T or F
Cells in the tissue need to be the same type, or same
morphology.

Answer 3

FALSE

Question 4

Organization of Human body

Answer 4

Atoms - Molecules - Organelles -Cells - Tissue - Organ- Organ System - Body

Question 5

4 Basic Type of Tissue

Answer 5

Epithelial Tissue
Connective Tissue
Muscle Tissue
Nervous Tissue

Question 6

Best example of organ that has all the types of tissue.

Answer 6

Stomach

Question 7

Provide protection, and functions for absorption and secretion.

What type of tissue?

Answer 7

Epithelial Tissue

Question 8

What characteristics does make the epithelial tissue avascular?

Answer 8

The cells are tightly packed. Thus, no space for blood vessels

Question 9

If the epithelial
tissue in
stomach is
avascular, how
can it get its
oxygen and
blood supply?

Answer 9

The connective tissue
below is highly
vascularized, to which it
shares blood supply and
oxygen to the tightly
packed epithelial tissue.

Question 10

Provides blood supply to epithelium and links it to another/other tissue

Answer 10

Connective Tissue

Question 11

are responsible for
connecting the
epithelial tissues to
the muscle tissue

Answer 11

Connective Tissue

Question 12

Provide movement of tissue

Answer 12

Muscle Tissue

Question 13

Provides sensation, control and information processing

Answer 13

Nervous Tissue

Question 14

T or F
Tissues are
always tightly
packed with cells

Answer 14

FALSE

Tissues are not
always tightly
packed with cells
but rather is also
composed of Fibers
and Ground
substances.

Question 15

Tissue is composed of?

Answer 15

Cells and Extracellular Matrix

Question 16

Fibers and Ground
substances are
referred to as

Answer 16

Extracellular Matrix

Question 17

cells that secrete matrix proteins

Answer 17

Fibroblasts

Question 18

Matrix of loose connective tissue

Answer 18

Ground Substance

Question 19

Fat cell is also called

Answer 19

Adipocyte

Question 20

Extracellular matrix is composed of?

Answer 20

Ground Substance and Fibers

Question 21

In Lab, we view specimens through?

Answer 21

Microscope

Question 22

To study tissues it must be?

Answer 22

thin and translucent histological sections or tissue that can be studied with the aid of ircsope

Question 23

Steps of Tissue Processing

Answer 23

Fixation
Decalcification
Dehydration
Clearing
Infiltration
Embedding
Sectioning
Staining
Mounting

Question 24

Also known as To Preserve

Answer 24

Fixation

Question 25

Since cellular decomposition begins immediately after the death of a human/patient, tissues must be______ to prevent alterations in their strUcture through decomposition

Answer 25

Fixed/Undergo Fixation

Question 26

WHY IS FIXATION IMPORTANT?

Answer 26

to prevent the decay of the tissue.

Question 27

4 Most Important role of Fixation

Answer 27

1 Avoid tissue destruction by digestive enzymes (autolysis) or through bacterial degradation. 2 Terminate cell metabolism (3) Hardens the tissue by cross-linking or denaturing proteins (4) Kill pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi and viruses

Question 28

Commonly used fixation agent

Answer 28

Formalin

Question 29

Only done in specimens as bone and calcified tissues

Answer 29

Decalcification

Question 30

Commonly used decalcification Agent

Answer 30

Nitric Acid

Question 31

True or False Decalcification is limited to bones and teeth

Answer 31

FALSE It can also be used in Arteries, because the muscle cells in the blood vessel wall strat to change into bone like cells when they are old or diseased

Question 32

____ Removes water out of tissue

Answer 32

Alcohol

Question 33

Done by successively bathing the specimen in mixture of ethanol and water from 70% to 100%. (increasing concentration of alcohol)

Answer 33

Dehydration

Question 34

Standard Dehydration percentage process

Answer 34

50% 70% 90% 100%

Question 35

Why dehydration is ascending grades of alcohol?

Answer 35

To preserve the morphology and the appearance of the organ.

Question 36

Common dehydrating agent

Answer 36

Ethanol

Question 37

Removal of the dehydrating agent by immersing the specimen in the solvent that the alcohol and embedding medium is miscible

Answer 37

Clearing

Question 38

Clearing Agent is volatile (highly) when in contact with

Answer 38

Heat

Question 39

Common Clearing agent

Answer 39

Xylene and Toluene

Question 40

After the clearing prOcedure, the tisSue is placed ina melted paraffin in an oven set at 52-60 degree CelsiuS.

Answer 40

Infiltration

Question 41

The heat causes the clearing agent to evaporate so that the tissue will be filled up with the paraffin.

Answer 41

Infiltration

Question 42

In infiltration, The heat causes the clearing agent to evaporate so that the tissue will be filled up with the ______

Answer 42

paraffin

Question 43

During Infiltration, The tisSue is placed ina melted paraffin in an oven set at ______ degree CelsiuS.

Answer 43

52-60 degree C

Question 44

Difference between Embedding and Infiltration

Answer 44

Infiltration uses heat and parafin wax whereas Embedding uses plastic resins

Question 45

Similarity of Embedding and Infiltration

Answer 45

They are for hardening the tissue

Question 46

Makes use of plastic solution which hardens the tissue by cross-linking polymers

Answer 46

Plastic Resins as Embedding

Question 47

Advantage of Embedding

Answer 47

Eliminates the use of oven and paraffin = avoids burn Little Distortion

Question 48

After the specimen is hardened,it is timmed into appropriately sized blocks

Answer 48

Cutting and Sectioning

Question 49

It is the removal of excess paraffin

Answer 49

Cutting

Question 50

The block is then ______ and cut with a steel knife .

Answer 50

Mounted

Question 51

It is done with the aid of microtome

Answer 51

Sectioning

Question 52

Microtome Parts

Answer 52

Drive Wheel Block Holder Paraffin Block Tissue Steel Knife

Question 53

Since paraffin is colorless, ______ is a must

Answer 53

Staining

Question 54

Application of colors to tissue to highlight structures

Answer 54

Staining

Question 55

Most commonly used stains

Answer 55

Hematoxylin and Eosin

Question 56

Hematoxylin and Eosin are _____ solubles

Answer 56

Water solubles

Question 57

Basic dye

Answer 57

Hematoxylin

Question 58

Acidic dye

Answer 58

Eosin

Question 59

usually stains nucleus and RNA-Containing portion of cytoplasm

Answer 59

Hematoxylin

Question 60

USUally cytoplasmic components and collagen

Answer 60

Eosin

Question 61

Tissues with negative charges/acids are readily stained with

Answer 61

Basic dyes - Hematoxylin

Question 62

Tissues with negative charges are readily stained with

Answer 62

Basic dyes

Question 63

Tissues with positive charges are stained with

Answer 63

Acidic dyes

Question 64

Tissues that are basic are readily stained with

Answer 64

Acidic dyes

Question 65

Tissues with negtive charges/acids are readily stained with basic dyes- BASOPHILIC or ACIDOPHILIC

Answer 65

BASOPHILIC

Question 66

Tissues with positive charges are stained with acidic dyes - BASOPHILIC or ACIDOPHILIC

Answer 66

ACIDOPHILIC

Question 67

To preserve and support a stained section for light microscopy, it is______ on a clear glass slide, and covered with a _______

Answer 67

mounted; thin glass coverslip

Question 68

Placing cut sections on a slide with mounting media such as _________

Answer 68

glycerin or resins

Question 69

What is the faster way to do biopsy?

Answer 69

FROZEN SECTION BIOPSY.

Question 70

It is done rapidly and is done in hospital to study specimens during surgery

Answer 70

Frozen sections

Question 71

In Frozen section, what are best preserved in this method ?

Answer 71

Lipids and Enzymes