intro to hematology Flashcards
reduction in total number of RBCs, amount of Hb or RBC mass in circulation
anemia
increase in total number of RBCs, Hb and RBC mass in circulation
Polycythemia
variation in size, RDW > 14.5%
Anisocytosis
variation in shape
Poikilocytosis
increased in reticulocytes in the peripheral blood stream due to being released prematurely is called ?
Polychromasia
central pallor > 1/3rd the size of RBC
hypochromia
abnormally smaller RBC, lower MCV
microcytosis
abnormally large RBC, high MCV
macrocytosis
irregularly spiculated RBC (i.e. abetalipoproteinemia)
Acanthocyte
RBCs with short, regular spicules (i.e. uremia)
Echinocyte
RBC without central pallor
Spherocyte
i.e.hereditary spherocytosis
Elliptical RBC
Ovalocyte
(i.e. hereditary elliptocytosis)
Fragmented, bi- or tripolar spiculated RBC (i.e DIC)
Schistocyte
bipolar spiculated RBC (i.e.sickle cell disease)
sickle cell
Mouth-like deformity (i.e.hereditary stomatocytosis)
Stomatocyte
RBC with concentric circles (i.e. thalassemias)
target cell
unipolar spiculated RBC (i.e. myelofibrosis)
tear drop
whole blood comprise ____% of total body weight
7-8%
avg male have __ pints of blood, while avge female have ___ pints
12, 9
5 functions of blood
- oxygen and nutrient transportation
- blood loss prevention - clotting
- immune response to fight infection
- carries waste to kidney and liver
- body temp regulation
4 components of whole blood
- plasma
- RBC
- WBC
- platelets
where do blood cells come from?
produced in bone marrow
extramedullary sites include liver and spleen
plasma is mostly ___ absorbed from _____
water and salt
intestinal lining
translucent, thin fluid that transports blood cells, proteins, etc., and helps maintain blood pressure
plasma
plasma is composed of 90% water, the remainder is (5)
- proteins
- hormones
- insulin
- electrolytes
- nutrients
most abundant blood cell
RBC
primary role of RBC
oxygenation of tissues
RBC production is stimulated by __
erythropoietin
lifespan of RBC
120 d
primary role of WBC
fight off foreign cells (infection)
5 types of WBC
- neutrophil
- lymphocyte
- monocyte
- eosinophil
- basophil
which WBC is the most abundant and what is their lifespan
neutrophil, <1d
erythropoietin comes from the __
kidneys
cell fragment, without a nucleus, helps with clotting, stimulated by thrombopoietin
lifespan of 7-10d
platelets
thrombopoietin released by ____
liver and kidney
increased WBC
leukocytosis
decreased WBC
leukopenia
increased RBC
erythrocytosis
decreased RBC
erythrocytopenia
why do males and females have a different normal RBC range?
different sex hormones
a 4-part protein molecule that carries O2 and CO2
hemoglobin
5 variables for hemoglobin
- sex - higher hgb in males
- age - higher hgb in young infants
- high alt/smokers - higher hgb
- pregnancy - lower hgb
- ethnicity - slight variations among each group
a ratio of volume of RBC to volume of blood is called ?
formula?
hemotocrit
Hct = hgb * 3
the amount (weight) of hemoglobin per RBC, directly related to RBC size
mean corpuscular hemoglobin MCH
low MCH =
hypochromia
high MCH =
hyperchromia
what lab value shows the color of RBC
MCH
avg hgb conc in each RBC is called ?
mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)
what is the difference between MCHC vs MHC
MCHC measurement (%) takes the volume or size of the red blood cell into account while MCH (#) does not
measures the % of RBC that fall out of normal range in size, directly related to changes in MCV
red cell distribution width RDW
increased RDW in condition that alter RBC size (high/low MCV) and with reticulocytosis
anisocytosis
low plt =
thrombocytopenia
high plt =
thrombocytosis/thrombocythemia
reflects avg size of platelets
mean platelet volume (MPV)
increased MPV with increased platelet production means
younger platelets are larger in size
manually assesses blood cell morphology and cell count, visualization of neoplastic cells derived from bone marrow
peripheral blood smear
