Intro to Health Care Flashcards
blessed Franco Rigor M. Legatub, pray for us
1
Q
the state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely the absence of a disease or infirmity (WHO)
A
Health
2
Q
an active process by which the individual progresses toward the maximum potential possible
A
Wellness
3
Q
a highly personal state where the person’s emotional, intellectual, social, developmental, or spiritual functioning diminishes
A
Illness
4
Q
an alteration in body functions resulting in reduced capacities or shortening of the normal life span
A
Disease
5
Q
condition of being diseased
A
Morbidity
6
Q
the proportion of disease to health in a community
A
Morbidity rate
7
Q
condition or quality of being subjected to death
A
Mortality
8
Q
study of health and disease pattern, as well as its occurrence and distribution in order to control and prevent disease
A
Epidemiology
9
Q
the degree of resistance the potential host has against the pathogen
A
Susceptibility
10
Q
one that possesses the potential for producing injury or disease (e.g. Streptococcus)
A
Etiologic Agent
11
Q
describes the degree or level of pathogenicity of a particular microorganism and its ability to kill phagocytes by releasing toxins
A
Virulence
12
Q
branch of medicine that deals with the cause, nature, treatment, and resultant structural and functional changes of disease
A
Pathology
13
Q
objective data or evidence or physical manifestation made apparent by special methods or techniques of examination or use of senses
A
Sign
14
Q
it is subjective in nature, any disorder of appearance, sensation, or function experienced by the patient indicates a particulate phase of the disease
A
Symptom
15
Q
a group of signs & symptoms which when considered together, characterize a disease
A
Syndrome
16
Q
describes how a disease originates and develops, including the order of events, particularly from its inception until the development of characteristic lesion or disease
A
Pathogenesis
17
Q
process of identifying or detecting the nature of a disease by recognizing manifestations exhibited and by undergoing laboratory tests/procedures
A
Diagnosis
18
Q
prediction of course and end of the disease, medical opinion to the outcome of the disease process
A
Prognosis
19
Q
implies that a person has no observable or known after-effects from his illness
A
Recovery
20
Q
health is the absence of signs and symptoms of a disease (Reason, Relate, Regulate)
A
Clinical Model
21
Q
health is the ability to fulfill societal roles (responsibilities as a person such as work or to family)
A
Role Performance Model
22
Q
health is a complex adaptive system; it is a flexible adaptation to the environment as a whole (input, control processes, effectors, output, feed back)
A
Adaptive Model
23
Q
used in predicting the occurrence of illness rather than promoting health (host, agent, environment)
A
Agent, Host, and Environment Model
24
Q
helps to understand patient’s perceptions, beliefs and behavior, and plan of care that will aid patients on maintaining health (perceived health of patient)
A
Health Belief Model
25
defines health as a positive, dynamic state and not merely the absence of disease. desire to improve the level of well-being and achieve the full potential of one's human health motivates the behavior
Health Promotion Model
26
behavior motivated by the desire to avoid illness
Health protection
27
helps understand an individual's motivation to achieve optimal health. explains the basic needs of patients and families, their behaviors, and their readiness to take part in health activities
Basic Human Needs
28
A person's health is affected by the relationship between the body, mind, and spirit. views person as a biopsychosocial and spiritual being (Spiritual, Physical, Mental, Emotional, Social)
Holistic Health Model
29
a scale with grids that is used to measure how high or low a person perceive his wellness, can be viewed as the opposite ends of a health continuum
Health-Illness Continua/um
30
described health grid in which a health axis and an environmental axis interacts
Dunn's High-Level Wellness Grid
31
Travis developed an illness-wellness continuum that ranges from high-level wellness to premature death with a neutral point
Travis' Illness-Wellness Continuum
32
refers to specific efforts, measures, activities, interventions aimed at reducing the development and severity of diseases and other morbidities
Prevention
33
how many phases are there in the stages of illness?
5 phases
34
what is phase 1 of the stages of illness
Symptom Experience (Something is wrong)
35
what is phase 2 of the stages of illness
Assumption of the Sick Role (relinquish normal roles)
36
what is phase 3 of the stages of illness
Medical Care Contact (seek professional advice)
37
what is phase 4 of the stages of illness
Dependent Client Role (accept professional treatment)
38
what is phase 5 of the stages of illness
Recovery/Rehabilitation (resume normal roles)
39
what is the primary level of prevention?
activities directed at preventing a problem before it occurs, general health promotion
40
what is the secondary level of prevention
early detection of and prompt intervention for a disease or health threat during its early pathogenesis
41
what is the tertiary level of prevention?
managing disease post-diagnosis to slow or stop disease progression thru measures
42
a place where microorganisms survive, multiply, and await transfer to a susceptible host
reservoir
43
infections that were acquired by the patient during his/her stay in the hospital
Healthcare Acquire Infections
44
microorganisms need to find a ____ to enter another host
portal of exit
45
type of portal of exit that is in the form of droplets, sputum, etc
respiratory
46
type of portal of exit that is in the form of vomitus, feces, saliva, and drainage tubes
GI tract
47
type of portal of exit that is in the form of urine and urethral catheters
urinary
48
type of portal of exit that is in the form of semen, vaginal discharge
reproductive
49
type of portal of exit that is in the form of open wound, needle puncture site
blood
50
Microorganisms must enter the ____ to infect a host
Portal of Entry to the Susceptible Host
51
Skin Infections?
(VCHIPS) Varicella zoster, Cutaneous diphtheria, Herpes simplex, Impetigo, Pediculosis, Scabies
52
Skin infections (MRS. WEE)
Multidrug resistant organism, Respiratory infection, Skin infection, Wound infection, Enteric infection (clostridium difficile), Eye infection (conjunctivitis)
53
type of mode of infection that involves immediate and direct transfer of microorganism from person to person
Direct Contact
54
type of mode of infection that is not directly transferred from an organism to organism
Indirect Contact
55
an indirect contact transmission process which the pathogen is indirectly transferred from a reservoir or host to another host
vehicle-borne
56
inanimate materials or objects that can act as vehicles
formites
57
animal or flying or crawling insects that serves as an intermediate means of transporting the infectious agent
vector-borne
58
type of transmission from evaporated droplets emitted by an infected host, which can remain in the air for long periods
Airborne transmission
59
type of transmission alike to airborne transmission
droplet transmission
60
any person at risk for infection
susceptible host
61
Infectious process
incubation period, prodromal stage, infectious stage, convalescent stage
62
stage of infection where interval between entrance of pathogen into body and appearance of first symptoms
incubation period
63
stage of infection where interval from onset of nonspecific signs and symptoms to more specific and severe symptoms
prodromal stage
64
stage of infection where patient manifests signs and symptoms specific to the type of infection
illness/infectious stage
65
stage of infection where interval when acute symptoms of infection disappear
convalescent stage
66
how to break the chain of infection?
decrease source, wash hands, decontaminate surfaces and equipment, avoid contact, wear ppe. isolation, maximize resistance, good hygiene, proper nutrition
67
what are the standard precautions of breaking the chain of infection?
ppe and aseptic technique
68
used in addition to standard precautions for patients with suspected infection that can be transmitted
transmission-based precautions
69
used for patients who have infections that spread through air, smaller droplets which remain in the air for longer periods of time
airborne precautions
70
disease transmitted by larger droplets expelled into air
droplet precautions
71
used for direct and indirect contact with patients and their environment
contact precautions
72
to prevent soiling one's clothes
gowns / lab gowns
73
decrease the risk of transmission through droplets and airborne routes
face masks
74
special glasses or goggles that are worn during procedures
eye protection
75
prevention of microorganism transmission both directly and indirectly
gloves
76
absence of microorganisms or absence of infection
asepsis
77
state of being free from microorganisms
medical asepsis
78
absence of all microorganism when doing invasive procedures
surgical asepsis
79
reducing the microorganisms present and preventing its transfer, should be used by all patients
medical aseptic technique
80
Prevents an open wound from being contaminated by infectious microorganism and keeps an object or area sterile for surgery
surgical aseptic technique
81
invasion of susceptible host by pathogenic microorganisms
infection
82
number or amount of microorganisms present in order to cause infection
dose
83
soiled with microorganisms
contaminated
84
reduction of microorganisms without destroying the spores
disinfection
85
killing all microorganisms
sterilization
86
inactive but viable state of microorganisms
spores
87
free from microorganism
sterile
88
ability to produce disease
pathogenicity
89
pathogen that only causes disease to susceptible individuals
Opportunistic Pathogen
90
microbes moved to a different
place, immunocompromised
person
Normal flora in the body
91
person or animal that
harbors an infectious agent and capable of transferring it to other persons
Carrier
92
presence of microorganisms in the body secretions or excretions that does not cause illness
Colonization
93
a state of well-being in which every individual realizes his or her own potential, can cope with the everyday stresses of life
Mental health
94
Established to enhance the
delivery of mental health services and to promote and protect the rights of the Filipinos utilizing psychiatric, neurologic, and psychosocial health services.
The Mental Health Act & Universal Health Care Law
95
State of Mental Health in the
Philippines?
3rd highest rate of mental
disorders in the Western Pacific
Region
96
factor affecting mental health where a person is deprived of material or nonmaterial things, experienced a life-altering event
Early Deprivation or Trauma
97
the study of abnormal behavior
abnormal psychology
98
result of divine intervention, religious rituals
Supernatural Model
99
suggested that the movement of the moon and the stars had an effect on human behavior
Paracelsus
100
Father of Modern Medicine
Hippocrates
101
he suggested that psychological disorders can be treated like other diseases, can be caused by brain trauma or genetics
Hippocratic Corpus
102
What are Galen's 4 Humors?
Blood, Black Bile, Yellow Bile, Phlegm
103
Causes of maladaptive
behavior: social and cultural
influences, learning that took
place in that environment
Psychological Model
104
19th-century psychosocial
approach to mental disorders
Moral Therapy
105
who suggested to his patients that their problem was caused by an undetectable fluid found in all living organisms called “animal magnetism,” which could become blocked
Anton Mesmer
106
a broad concept that is
roughly the equivalent of mental health
Normality
107
definitions of what is considered normal behavior
describe it as behavior that is socially acceptable to the standards of the society
Normal Behavior
108
person can relate to what is considered standard, average, typical, or healthy
normal
109
criteria for normality?
normality is average, social conformity, and is personal comfort
110
standards and certain expectations on a person
Normality is ideal
111
an abnormal person can turn ordinary, other way around
Normality is a process
112
view that there are no universal standards or rules for labeling a behavior as abnormal
Cultural relativism
113
behaviors which are considered unusual or deviant are considered abnormal
unusualness
114
behaviors that can be considered abnormal only if the individual suffers distress and wishes to be rid of the behaviors
distress
115
behaviors are not considered abnormal unless they are part an illness
mental illness
116
four D's for abnormality
Dysfunction, distress, deviance, and dangerousness
117
syndrome characterized by clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotion, or behavior
mental disorder
118
factor that makes someone prone or susceptible to a certain pathology
Predisposing Factors
119
does not come out at an early stage, only when triggered
Remote Effect
120
factors that trigger the onset of a certain disorder (Immediate)
Precipitating Factors
121
can be predisposing or precipitating factor
Biological Determinants
122
can be predisposing or
precipitating factor
Psychological Determinants
123
considered as precipitating
factor
Socio-cultural Determinants
124
usually children who is separated from a primary caregiver feels anxious as his/her needs are not met
Separation Anxiety
125
fear of something which causes physical manifestations
specific phobia
126
afraid of social interaction
social anxiety disorder
127
starts with a panic attack, which grows fear of a panic attack which causes another attack
panic disorder
128
condition of anxiety about general things
generalized anxiety disorder
129
one of the most common, one
major depressive episode and
would mean that the person
experiences demotivation
Major Depressive Disorder
130
lasts a long time (qualifier is 2 years), chronic type of MDD
Dysthymic Disorder
131
manic and depressive (active or
depressed state)
Bipolar I Disorder
132
manic and hypomanic (super productive or aggressive), NO depressive part
Bipolar II Disorder
133
manifests symptoms of mood
disorders for year
Cyclothymic Disorder
134
only certain parts of a person’s life that is forgotten
Dissociative Amnesia
135
same person would assume a different identity in a different place
Dissociative Fugue
136
person develops an identity to protect his/her ego (different name, age, capabilities)
Dissociative Identity Disorder
(Multiple Personality Disorder
previously)
137
resembles schizophrenia,
functioning but doesn’t like
social interaction (isolates
themself)
Schizotypal Personality
138
strong beliefs of a person that are not real and has no basis
delusional disorder
139
similar to schizophrenia but only a short time
brief psychotic disorder
140
shorter manifestation of
schizophrenia and the person
doesn’t know they manifest the disorder
Schizophreniform Disorder
141
resembles schizophrenia with
intense emotions
Schizoaffective Disorder
142
substances such as ecstasy
can cause a person to have a
psychotic disorder (under the
influence of drugs or alcohol)
Substance/Medication-Induced
Psychotic Disorder
143
interventions and treatment modalities for mental health
medications, psychotherapy, and rehabilitation
