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Introduction to Healthcare > Intro to Health Care > Flashcards

Intro to Health Care Flashcards

blessed Franco Rigor M. Legatub, pray for us

1
Q

the state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely the absence of a disease or infirmity (WHO)

A

Health

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2
Q

an active process by which the individual progresses toward the maximum potential possible

A

Wellness

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3
Q

a highly personal state where the person’s emotional, intellectual, social, developmental, or spiritual functioning diminishes

A

Illness

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4
Q

an alteration in body functions resulting in reduced capacities or shortening of the normal life span

A

Disease

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5
Q

condition of being diseased

A

Morbidity

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6
Q

the proportion of disease to health in a community

A

Morbidity rate

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7
Q

condition or quality of being subjected to death

A

Mortality

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8
Q

study of health and disease pattern, as well as its occurrence and distribution in order to control and prevent disease

A

Epidemiology

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9
Q

the degree of resistance the potential host has against the pathogen

A

Susceptibility

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10
Q

one that possesses the potential for producing injury or disease (e.g. Streptococcus)

A

Etiologic Agent

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11
Q

describes the degree or level of pathogenicity of a particular microorganism and its ability to kill phagocytes by releasing toxins

A

Virulence

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12
Q

branch of medicine that deals with the cause, nature, treatment, and resultant structural and functional changes of disease

A

Pathology

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13
Q

objective data or evidence or physical manifestation made apparent by special methods or techniques of examination or use of senses

A

Sign

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14
Q

it is subjective in nature, any disorder of appearance, sensation, or function experienced by the patient indicates a particulate phase of the disease

A

Symptom

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15
Q

a group of signs & symptoms which when considered together, characterize a disease

A

Syndrome

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16
Q

describes how a disease originates and develops, including the order of events, particularly from its inception until the development of characteristic lesion or disease

A

Pathogenesis

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17
Q

process of identifying or detecting the nature of a disease by recognizing manifestations exhibited and by undergoing laboratory tests/procedures

A

Diagnosis

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18
Q

prediction of course and end of the disease, medical opinion to the outcome of the disease process

A

Prognosis

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19
Q

implies that a person has no observable or known after-effects from his illness

A

Recovery

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20
Q

health is the absence of signs and symptoms of a disease (Reason, Relate, Regulate)

A

Clinical Model

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21
Q

health is the ability to fulfill societal roles (responsibilities as a person such as work or to family)

A

Role Performance Model

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22
Q

health is a complex adaptive system; it is a flexible adaptation to the environment as a whole (input, control processes, effectors, output, feed back)

A

Adaptive Model

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23
Q

used in predicting the occurrence of illness rather than promoting health (host, agent, environment)

A

Agent, Host, and Environment Model

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24
Q

helps to understand patient’s perceptions, beliefs and behavior, and plan of care that will aid patients on maintaining health (perceived health of patient)

A

Health Belief Model

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25
Q

defines health as a positive, dynamic state and not merely the absence of disease. desire to improve the level of well-being and achieve the full potential of one’s human health motivates the behavior

A

Health Promotion Model

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26
Q

behavior motivated by the desire to avoid illness

A

Health protection

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27
Q

helps understand an individual’s motivation to achieve optimal health. explains the basic needs of patients and families, their behaviors, and their readiness to take part in health activities

A

Basic Human Needs

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28
Q

A person’s health is affected by the relationship between the body, mind, and spirit. views person as a biopsychosocial and spiritual being (Spiritual, Physical, Mental, Emotional, Social)

A

Holistic Health Model

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29
Q

a scale with grids that is used to measure how high or low a person perceive his wellness, can be viewed as the opposite ends of a health continuum

A

Health-Illness Continua/um

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30
Q

described health grid in which a health axis and an environmental axis interacts

A

Dunn’s High-Level Wellness Grid

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31
Q

Travis developed an illness-wellness continuum that ranges from high-level wellness to premature death with a neutral point

A

Travis’ Illness-Wellness Continuum

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32
Q

refers to specific efforts, measures, activities, interventions aimed at reducing the development and severity of diseases and other morbidities

A

Prevention

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33
Q

how many phases are there in the stages of illness?

A

5 phases

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34
Q

what is phase 1 of the stages of illness

A

Symptom Experience (Something is wrong)

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35
Q

what is phase 2 of the stages of illness

A

Assumption of the Sick Role (relinquish normal roles)

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36
Q

what is phase 3 of the stages of illness

A

Medical Care Contact (seek professional advice)

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37
Q

what is phase 4 of the stages of illness

A

Dependent Client Role (accept professional treatment)

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38
Q

what is phase 5 of the stages of illness

A

Recovery/Rehabilitation (resume normal roles)

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39
Q

what is the primary level of prevention?

A

activities directed at preventing a problem before it occurs, general health promotion

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40
Q

what is the secondary level of prevention

A

early detection of and prompt intervention for a disease or health threat during its early pathogenesis

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41
Q

what is the tertiary level of prevention?

A

managing disease post-diagnosis to slow or stop disease progression thru measures

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42
Q

a place where microorganisms survive, multiply, and await transfer to a susceptible host

A

reservoir

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43
Q

infections that were acquired by the patient during his/her stay in the hospital

A

Healthcare Acquire Infections

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44
Q

microorganisms need to find a ____ to enter another host

A

portal of exit

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45
Q

type of portal of exit that is in the form of droplets, sputum, etc

A

respiratory

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46
Q

type of portal of exit that is in the form of vomitus, feces, saliva, and drainage tubes

A

GI tract

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47
Q

type of portal of exit that is in the form of urine and urethral catheters

A

urinary

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48
Q

type of portal of exit that is in the form of semen, vaginal discharge

A

reproductive

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49
Q

type of portal of exit that is in the form of open wound, needle puncture site

A

blood

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50
Q

Microorganisms must enter the ____ to infect a host

A

Portal of Entry to the Susceptible Host

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51
Q

Skin Infections?

A

(VCHIPS) Varicella zoster, Cutaneous diphtheria, Herpes simplex, Impetigo, Pediculosis, Scabies

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52
Q

Skin infections (MRS. WEE)

A

Multidrug resistant organism, Respiratory infection, Skin infection, Wound infection, Enteric infection (clostridium difficile), Eye infection (conjunctivitis)

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53
Q

type of mode of infection that involves immediate and direct transfer of microorganism from person to person

A

Direct Contact

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54
Q

type of mode of infection that is not directly transferred from an organism to organism

A

Indirect Contact

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55
Q

an indirect contact transmission process which the pathogen is indirectly transferred from a reservoir or host to another host

A

vehicle-borne

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56
Q

inanimate materials or objects that can act as vehicles

A

formites

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57
Q

animal or flying or crawling insects that serves as an intermediate means of transporting the infectious agent

A

vector-borne

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58
Q

type of transmission from evaporated droplets emitted by an infected host, which can remain in the air for long periods

A

Airborne transmission

59
Q

type of transmission alike to airborne transmission

A

droplet transmission

60
Q

any person at risk for infection

A

susceptible host

61
Q

Infectious process

A

incubation period, prodromal stage, infectious stage, convalescent stage

62
Q

stage of infection where interval between entrance of pathogen into body and appearance of first symptoms

A

incubation period

63
Q

stage of infection where interval from onset of nonspecific signs and symptoms to more specific and severe symptoms

A

prodromal stage

64
Q

stage of infection where patient manifests signs and symptoms specific to the type of infection

A

illness/infectious stage

65
Q

stage of infection where interval when acute symptoms of infection disappear

A

convalescent stage

66
Q

how to break the chain of infection?

A

decrease source, wash hands, decontaminate surfaces and equipment, avoid contact, wear ppe. isolation, maximize resistance, good hygiene, proper nutrition

67
Q

what are the standard precautions of breaking the chain of infection?

A

ppe and aseptic technique

68
Q

used in addition to standard precautions for patients with suspected infection that can be transmitted

A

transmission-based precautions

69
Q

used for patients who have infections that spread through air, smaller droplets which remain in the air for longer periods of time

A

airborne precautions

70
Q

disease transmitted by larger droplets expelled into air

A

droplet precautions

71
Q

used for direct and indirect contact with patients and their environment

A

contact precautions

72
Q

to prevent soiling one’s clothes

A

gowns / lab gowns

73
Q

decrease the risk of transmission through droplets and airborne routes

A

face masks

74
Q

special glasses or goggles that are worn during procedures

A

eye protection

75
Q

prevention of microorganism transmission both directly and indirectly

A

gloves

76
Q

absence of microorganisms or absence of infection

A

asepsis

77
Q

state of being free from microorganisms

A

medical asepsis

78
Q

absence of all microorganism when doing invasive procedures

A

surgical asepsis

79
Q

reducing the microorganisms present and preventing its transfer, should be used by all patients

A

medical aseptic technique

80
Q

Prevents an open wound from being contaminated by infectious microorganism and keeps an object or area sterile for surgery

A

surgical aseptic technique

81
Q

invasion of susceptible host by pathogenic microorganisms

A

infection

82
Q

number or amount of microorganisms present in order to cause infection

A

dose

83
Q

soiled with microorganisms

A

contaminated

84
Q

reduction of microorganisms without destroying the spores

A

disinfection

85
Q

killing all microorganisms

A

sterilization

86
Q

inactive but viable state of microorganisms

A

spores

87
Q

free from microorganism

A

sterile

88
Q

ability to produce disease

A

pathogenicity

89
Q

pathogen that only causes disease to susceptible individuals

A

Opportunistic Pathogen

90
Q

microbes moved to a different
place, immunocompromised
person

A

Normal flora in the body

91
Q

person or animal that
harbors an infectious agent and capable of transferring it to other persons

A

Carrier

92
Q

presence of microorganisms in the body secretions or excretions that does not cause illness

A

Colonization

93
Q

a state of well-being in which every individual realizes his or her own potential, can cope with the everyday stresses of life

A

Mental health

94
Q

Established to enhance the
delivery of mental health services and to promote and protect the rights of the Filipinos utilizing psychiatric, neurologic, and psychosocial health services.

A

The Mental Health Act & Universal Health Care Law

95
Q

State of Mental Health in the
Philippines?

A

3rd highest rate of mental
disorders in the Western Pacific
Region

96
Q

factor affecting mental health where a person is deprived of material or nonmaterial things, experienced a life-altering event

A

Early Deprivation or Trauma

97
Q

the study of abnormal behavior

A

abnormal psychology

98
Q

result of divine intervention, religious rituals

A

Supernatural Model

99
Q

suggested that the movement of the moon and the stars had an effect on human behavior

A

Paracelsus

100
Q

Father of Modern Medicine

A

Hippocrates

101
Q

he suggested that psychological disorders can be treated like other diseases, can be caused by brain trauma or genetics

A

Hippocratic Corpus

102
Q

What are Galen’s 4 Humors?

A

Blood, Black Bile, Yellow Bile, Phlegm

103
Q

Causes of maladaptive
behavior: social and cultural
influences, learning that took
place in that environment

A

Psychological Model

104
Q

19th-century psychosocial
approach to mental disorders

A

Moral Therapy

105
Q

who suggested to his patients that their problem was caused by an undetectable fluid found in all living organisms called “animal magnetism,” which could become blocked

A

Anton Mesmer

106
Q

a broad concept that is
roughly the equivalent of mental health

A

Normality

107
Q

definitions of what is considered normal behavior
describe it as behavior that is socially acceptable to the standards of the society

A

Normal Behavior

108
Q

person can relate to what is considered standard, average, typical, or healthy

A

normal

109
Q

criteria for normality?

A

normality is average, social conformity, and is personal comfort

110
Q

standards and certain expectations on a person

A

Normality is ideal

111
Q

an abnormal person can turn ordinary, other way around

A

Normality is a process

112
Q

view that there are no universal standards or rules for labeling a behavior as abnormal

A

Cultural relativism

113
Q

behaviors which are considered unusual or deviant are considered abnormal

A

unusualness

114
Q

behaviors that can be considered abnormal only if the individual suffers distress and wishes to be rid of the behaviors

A

distress

115
Q

behaviors are not considered abnormal unless they are part an illness

A

mental illness

116
Q

four D’s for abnormality

A

Dysfunction, distress, deviance, and dangerousness

117
Q

syndrome characterized by clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotion, or behavior

A

mental disorder

118
Q

factor that makes someone prone or susceptible to a certain pathology

A

Predisposing Factors

119
Q

does not come out at an early stage, only when triggered

A

Remote Effect

120
Q

factors that trigger the onset of a certain disorder (Immediate)

A

Precipitating Factors

121
Q

can be predisposing or precipitating factor

A

Biological Determinants

122
Q

can be predisposing or
precipitating factor

A

Psychological Determinants

123
Q

considered as precipitating
factor

A

Socio-cultural Determinants

124
Q

usually children who is separated from a primary caregiver feels anxious as his/her needs are not met

A

Separation Anxiety

125
Q

fear of something which causes physical manifestations

A

specific phobia

126
Q

afraid of social interaction

A

social anxiety disorder

127
Q

starts with a panic attack, which grows fear of a panic attack which causes another attack

A

panic disorder

128
Q

condition of anxiety about general things

A

generalized anxiety disorder

129
Q

one of the most common, one
major depressive episode and
would mean that the person
experiences demotivation

A

Major Depressive Disorder

130
Q

lasts a long time (qualifier is 2 years), chronic type of MDD

A

Dysthymic Disorder

131
Q

manic and depressive (active or
depressed state)

A

Bipolar I Disorder

132
Q

manic and hypomanic (super productive or aggressive), NO depressive part

A

Bipolar II Disorder

133
Q

manifests symptoms of mood
disorders for year

A

Cyclothymic Disorder

134
Q

only certain parts of a person’s life that is forgotten

A

Dissociative Amnesia

135
Q

same person would assume a different identity in a different place

A

Dissociative Fugue

136
Q

person develops an identity to protect his/her ego (different name, age, capabilities)

A

Dissociative Identity Disorder
(Multiple Personality Disorder
previously)

137
Q

resembles schizophrenia,
functioning but doesn’t like
social interaction (isolates
themself)

A

Schizotypal Personality

138
Q

strong beliefs of a person that are not real and has no basis

A

delusional disorder

139
Q

similar to schizophrenia but only a short time

A

brief psychotic disorder

140
Q

shorter manifestation of
schizophrenia and the person
doesn’t know they manifest the disorder

A

Schizophreniform Disorder

141
Q

resembles schizophrenia with
intense emotions

A

Schizoaffective Disorder

142
Q

substances such as ecstasy
can cause a person to have a
psychotic disorder (under the
influence of drugs or alcohol)

A

Substance/Medication-Induced
Psychotic Disorder

143
Q

interventions and treatment modalities for mental health

A

medications, psychotherapy, and rehabilitation

Introduction to Healthcare (1 decks)

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