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G Year 3 September > Intro to Haematology > Flashcards

Intro to Haematology Flashcards

1
Q

What is a normal life span of a red blood cell?

A

120 days

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2
Q

What is the name for too many red cells?

A

Polycythaemia

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3
Q

What is the name for too many white cells?

A

Leukaemia

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4
Q

What is a lymphoma?

A

Accumulation of malignant cells in the lymph nodes

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5
Q

What are the normal red cell reference ranges for males and females?

A

Males - 130-180g/L

Females - 115-160g/L

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6
Q

What are the main causes of iron deficiency anaemia?

A

Commonest cause of anaemia
Chronic blood lost (menstruation, GI blood loss)
Poor diet
Malabsorption (minor cause)

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7
Q

What is the treatment for iron deficiency anaemia?

A

Treat underlying cause

Give iron tablets

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8
Q

What are the main causes of haemolytic anaemias?

A

Inherited - membrane, enzyme or haemoglobin

Aquired - immune or non-immune

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9
Q

What is aplastic anaemia and what are the causes?

A 
This is loss of haemopoesis from the bone marrow
Causes:
-Idiopathic
-Post viral
-Drugs
-radiation
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10
Q

What is the treatment for aplastic anaemia?

A

Immunosupression

Bone marrow transplant

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11
Q

What are the main causes of macrocytic anaemia?

A

B12 and folate deficiencies

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12
Q

What are the main causes of microcytic anaemias?

A

Iron deficiency

Thalassemia

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13
Q

What are the main causes of normocytic anaemia?

A

Anaemia of chronic disease
Aplastic anaemia
Bone marrow failure

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14
Q

What is the main role of an eosinophil?

A

Protection against parasites

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15
Q

What is the pathogenesis in acute leukaemia?

A

Due to rapidly dividing primitive cells
This packs the bone marrow and leads to anaemia
Is fatal within weeks or months if untreated
Often treated with chemotherapy

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16
Q

What is the pathogenesis in chronic leukaemia?

A

It less rapidly growing
Well differentiated cells e.g. neutrophils
Less easy to cure by chemotherapy

17
Q

What are the four major subsets of leukaemia?

A

AML, CML, ALL, CLL

18
Q

What are lymphomas and what are the types?

A

Tumours of the cells that accumulate in the lymph nodes

Divided in hodgkins (owl eye nucleus) lymphoma and non-hodgkins lymphoma

19
Q

What are the inherited and aquired factors that increase risk of coagulation?

A 
Inherited:
-Factor V
-Protein C, Protein s and antithrombin abnormalities
Aquired:
-Vessel damage
-Stasis
-Change in blood constitution
20
Q

What are the two ways to examine bone marrow?

A

Aspirate is removal of the liquid marrow and shows cells

Trephine is solid histological section that allows the architecture to be looked at

G Year 3 September (28 decks)

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