Intro To Haematological Malignancy Flashcards
What are the major groups of haematological malignancies?
Acute Leukaemias, Chronic Leukaemias, Malignant Lymphomas, Multiple Myeloma, Myelodysplastic Syndromes, Chronic Myeloproliferative Neoplasms
What types of Acute Leukaemias are there?
Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), Acute Myeloid Leukaemia (AML)
What types of Chronic Leukaemias exist?
Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL)
What are the two main types of malignant lymphomas?
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), Hodgkin lymphoma (HL)
What is a common presentation of lymphoma?
Nodal disease, Extranodal disease, Systemic symptoms
What percentage of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) presents with nodal disease?
> 90%
What percentage of Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) presents with purely nodal disease?
~ 60%
What are systemic symptoms associated with lymphomas?
Fever, drenching sweats, loss of weight, pruritis, fatigue
What are the main types of hematopoietic stem cells?
Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils, Monocytes, Platelets, Red cells
What are the two progenitor types in hematopoiesis?
Myeloid progenitor, Lymphoid progenitor
What types of cells derive from Lymphoid progenitor?
T-lymphocytes, Plasma cells, B-lymphocytes
What defines Acute Leukaemia?
Leukaemic cells do not differentiate, Bone marrow failure, Rapidly fatal if untreated
What are the characteristics of Chronic Leukaemia?
Leukaemic cells retain ability to differentiate, Proliferation without bone marrow failure
What are common clinical features of Acute Leukaemia?
Anaemia, Thrombocytopenic bleeding, Infection due to neutropenia, Tissue infiltration, Hyperviscosity
What is the pathogenesis of haematological malignancies?
Multi-step process, Acquired genetic alterations, Proliferative/survival advantage, Dominance of malignant clone
What percentage of all human cancers do haematological malignancies account for?
Approximately 11%
True or False: Haematological malignancies occur only in adults.
False
What is the difference between leukaemia and lymphoma?
Leukaemia primarily affects the bone marrow, while lymphoma primarily affects lymphoid tissue
Fill in the blank: The common clinical feature of lymphadenopathy presents in __________.
Lymphoma
What are the typical features of localised and painful lymphadenopathy?
Bacterial infection in draining site
What is a characteristic feature of generalised and painless lymphadenopathy?
Lymphoma
What is the typical outcome for patients with untreated Acute Leukaemia?
Rapidly fatal
What is a common finding in bone marrow for patients with multiple myeloma?
Plasmacytosis
What are the subgroups of haematological malignancies?
Acute vs Chronic, Myeloid vs Lymphoid, Various specific types
