Intro to gross anatomy Flashcards
What is meant by systemic anatomy?
deals with the functional organ systems and their different parts like (CVS, RESP, NS, etc)
What is meant by regional anatomy?
The anatomy of a particular region of the body like (thorax, lower limb, etc)
What is meant by surface anatomy?
The study of superficial markings (used in determining the stethoscope position, injections, physical examinations & surgery)
What is meant by applied anatomy?
Studying anatomy with its application in the clinical field
1) clinical anatomy: like giving injections
2) Surgical anatomy: performing correct surgical interventions
3) Endoscopic anatomy: explaining clinical phenomena of diseases (sign & symptoms) “laporotomy”
What are the different planes used in anatomy?
1) Median (sagital/midline): divides the body into right & left
2) Paramedian (parasagittal) plane parallel to the median plane but not in the centre
3) Coronal plane: divides the body into anterior and posterior
4) Horizontal (transverse plane): divides the body into upper and lower parts, perpendicular to the median and coronal planes
What are the different axes used in anatomy?
1) Longitudinal (vertical) axis: perpendicular to the transverse plane
2) Transverse (horizontal) axis: perpendicular to the median plane
3) Antero-posterior axis: perpendicular to the coronal plane
What is the meaning of anterior (ventral)
Towards the front of the body
What is the meaning of posterior/dorsal?
Towards the back of the body
What is the meaning of median?
In the sagittal plane
What is the meaning of medial?
Towards the midline
What is the meaning of lateral?
Away from the median plane
What is the meaning of superior/cephalic/cranial?
Towards the head/brain
What is the meaning of inferior/caudal?
Towards the feet/tail
What is the meaning of proximal?
Close to a root/limb
What is the meaning of distal?
Away from a limb
What is the meaning of superficial?
Closer to the skin (surface of the body)
What is the meaning of deep (internal)?
Away from the skin (surface) of the body
What is the meaning of peripheral?
Away from the centre of the body
What is the meaning of palmar?
Towards the front of the hand
What is the meaning of planter?
Towards the sole of the foot
What is the meaning of prone?
When the ventral surface of the body faces down
What is the meaning of supine?
When the ventral body surface faces upwards
What is the meaning of ipsilateral?
On the same side of the body
(when a tumor in one side causes paralysis in the side)
What is the meaning of contralateral?
Opposite side of the body
(when a tumor in one side causes paralysis in another side)
Describe the nipple with regards to the umbilicus
The nipple is superiolateral to the umbilicus
What is the meaning of flexion?
Bending of ventral surfaces with formation of an angle
What is the meaning of Extension?
When ventral surface move away from each other
What is the meaning of Abduction?
Moving away from the midline
What is the meaning of adduction?
Moving towards the midline
What is the meaning of circumduction?
combined rotatory movement involving flexion/extension, with abduction/adduction
What is the meaning of Medial rotation?
Moving the ventral surface towards the midline (like moving your palm from the anatomical position towards the thigh)
What is the meaning of lateral rotation?
Moving the ventral surface away from the midline
What is the meaning of elevation?
Moving up
What is the meaning of depression?
moving down
What is the meaning of protraction?
moving anteriorly
What is the meaning of Retraction?
Moving posteriorly
What is the meaning of pronation?
Medial rotation of the forearm, so the palm faces backwards
What is the meaning of supination?
Lateral rotation of the forearm, so the palm faces forwards
What is the meaning of plantar flexion?
Standing on toe tips
What is the meaning of dorsiflexion?
Standing on the heels
What is the meaning of inversion?
Movement of the foot, so that the sole faces inwards
What is the meaning of exversion?
Movement of the foot, so that the sole faces outwards
What is the meaning of intorsion?
Rotation of the eyeball around the anteroposterior axis passing through the pupil
What is the meaning of extortion?
What is the meaning of opposition?
Is the movement by which the tip of the thumb touches the tips of the other fingers
Which part of the body can perform opposition?
The thumb
