Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Nephrology > Intro to Glomerulonephritis > Flashcards

Intro to Glomerulonephritis Flashcards

1
Q

What three potential causes of Renal Dz (location wise)?

A
  1. Prerenal
  2. Postrenal
  3. Renal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where is the glomerulus located?

A

Cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Two different causes of most broadly generalized by problems in?

A
  1. Tubular

2. Glomerular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

This type of cell lines the capillary and provides antithrobotic functions.

A

Endothelial Cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

This type of cell largely controls filtration of solute and protein.

A

Podocyte (Epithelial Cell)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

This type of cell can control the capillary loop diameter.

A

Mesangial Cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

This type of cell produced the matriz that supports the capillary loop and has some macrophage-like functions.

A

Mesangial Cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Two most important aspects of a patient visit to suspect glomerulonephritis?

A
  1. History and Physical

2. Labs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Signs of Glomeulonephritis based on Physical Exam?

A
  1. Abdominal Pain
  2. Rash
  3. Neuropathy
  4. Recent Illness
  5. Recent Medications
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Single most important lab in the evaluation of glomerulonephritis

A

Urine Analysis with Microscopic Exam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

When the filter of the glomerulus breaks, what will happen?

A

Loss of Protein and RBCs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

UA Results of 2+ Protein, 60 RBC would narrow the differential to?

A

Glomerulonephritis
UTI
RBC from mass lesion in bladder or stone.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Two specific finds for glomerulonephritis

A
  1. Dysmorphic RBCs (Acanthocytes)

2. RBC Casts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What would you find clinically in nephrOtic Syndrome?

A

Problem with the glomerulus causing leakage of very large amounts of protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What would you find clinically in nephrItic Syndrome?

A

Problem with the glomerulus causing leakage of some RBC and less protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Characteristics of Nephrotic Syndrome

A
  1. > 3.5 protinurea/day
  2. Hypoalbuminemia
  3. Edema
  4. Hyperlipidemia
  5. Hypercoaguability

*** Not lots of RBSa or RBC casts in urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Characteristics of Nephrutic Syndrome

A
  1. RBCs and RBC Cast in urine
  2. Proteinurea (but not massive)
  3. HTN
  4. Possible renal impairments
  5. Possibly more acute
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Most important diagnostic testing for nephritic syndrome

A

Renal Biopsy via Renal Consult

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Primary causes of nephritic syndrome

A
  1. Post-infectious glomerulonephritis
  2. IgA Nephropathy
  3. Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
  4. Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (Anti-GBM, Idiopathic)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Systemic Dz Causes of Nephritic Syndrome

A
  1. Lupus
  2. Goodpasture’s Dz (Vasculitis)
  3. Pauci-Immune Glomerulonephritis’s Dz (Vasculitis)
  4. Henoch- Schonlein Purpura
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Most common infection that can lead to post-infectious glomerulonephritis?

A

Streptococcal (Throat or Skin infection)

***Must be a nephrotoxic strain to cause this

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

After a nephrotoxic strain of strep infection, how soon will you see glomerulonephritis onset?

A

2-3 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Which cause of Nephritic Syndrome is the most common in children 2-14 years old?

A

Post-Infectious Glomerulonephritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Is post-infectious glomerulonephritis common these days?

A

Nope, not at all. We are all about antibiotics these days, so this doesn’t phase us.

25
Presentation of Post-infectious glomerulonephritis Nephritic Syndrome
1. Tea colored urine 2. Leg Swelling 3. Sore throat that was untreated 4. HTN
26
Lab results of someone with post-infectious glomerulonephritis
1. Protein in urine 2. + Antistreptolysin O 3. Low C3 level 4. Elevated BUN and Creatinine 5. RBCs in urine (low?)
27
Pathogenesis of Post-infectious Glomerulonephritis
Immune complex deposits in the glomerulus
28
Treatment of Post-infectious Glomerulonephritis
1. Supportive (Hugs) | 2. Antibiotics (with more hugs)
29
What is the most common type of glomerulonephritis?
IgA Nephropathy! *Most common in Asia*
30
Presentation of IgA Nephropathy
Usually slow and progressive. Often asymptomatic Can present as microscopic or gross hematuria (+mild proteinuria) Flares during infections
31
Over 20 years, about 25% of pts with IgA Nephropathy develops ___________.
End Stage Renal Disease
32
Over 20 years, about 20% of pts with IgA Nephropathy develops ___________.
Chronic Kidney Disease
33
Etiology of IgA Nephropathy
1. Host production of slightly abnormal IgA 2. Abnormal Bone Marrow Response 3. Abnormal mucosal immune system
34
IgA Nephropahy leads to
Deposition of IgA in the kidney
35
Treatment of IgA Nephropathy
1. Control BP with ACE Inhibitor and ARB | 2. Fish oil?
36
This type of glomerulonephritis progresses rapidly over days to weeks and has a non-specific etiology.
Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis
37
On a biopsy, what will Rapidly Progresive Glomerulonephritis appear like?
Crescents!
38
Due to the crescent shapes on a histological smear of this diseases, what is also called "Crescentic Glomerulonephritis?"
Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis
39
This is an autoimmune disorder that is characterized by rash, photosensitivity, arthritis, hematologic disorders, and anti-nuclear antibodies.
Lupus
40
True/False | Lupus can cause rapidly progressive acute renal failure as well as asymptomatic urinary findings.
True! Lupus is a varying dz.
41
A patient with Lupus Nephritis will present in a lab finding with:
1. Abnormal UA (RBC and Protein) 2. Positive ANA (antinuclear antibodies) 3. Positive dsDNA 4. Low complement 5. Elevated BUN and Creatinine
42
Pathogenesis of Lupus Nephritis
Immune complexes deposited in the kidney.
43
Treatment of Lupus Nephritis
Immunosuppression
44
True/False: | Any patient with lupus and unexplained protein, RBC, or WBC in the urine is considered normal.
False! They should be referred to nephrology and get a biopsy!
45
This is an autoimmune disorder where the body makes antibodies against the glomerular basement membrane
Goodpasture's Dz
46
In addition to affecting the glomerular basement membrane, Goodpasture's Dz will also affect the membranes of what organ?
Lungs! Can lead to pulmonary hemorrhage
47
Goodpasture's Dz is more common in what types of individuals?
Men, Smokers, people with lung damage from hydrocarbons.
48
Lab Findings of Goodpasture's Dz?
1. Elevated BUN Creatinine | 2. UA with RBCs and Protein
49
Histologically, what will you see in Goodpasture's Dz vs. Normal Kidney?
Atrophy of the GBM! Looks like an outline around the glomerulus
50
Treatment of Goodpasture's Dz
1. Plasmapheresis 2. Immunosuppression 3. Supportive (Dialysis and Hugs)
51
What are three rare diseases that can cause Pauci-immune Glomerulonephritis?
1. Wegner's Granulomatosis 2. Microscopic Polyangitis 3. Chrug-Strauss Syndrome
52
Pauci-Immune Glomerulonephritis is a group of diseases that all affect:
Vasculature (Vasculitis)
53
Pauci-Immune Glomerulonephritis is associated with:
Anti-nuclear cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)
54
Pauci-Immune Glomerulonephritis is most common in which sex?
Vaginal Humans! (Females)
55
Two most important factors in identifying Pauci-immune glomerulonephritis
1. Positive ANCA | 2. No Immune findings on IF
56
Light Microscopy of Pauci-Immune Glomerulonephritis
Crescent Imaging
57
Fluorescent Microscopy of Pauci-Immune Glomerulonephritis
Nothing will fluoresce
58
Treatment of Pauci-Immune Glomerulonephtitis
1. Immunosuppression | 2. Supportive (Hugs)

Nephrology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions