Intro to genetics Flashcards
what chromosome is hemophilia on
what is the difference between a healthy red blood cell and one with hemophilia
x
it hemorrhages but does not clot and you can bleed out
what famous royal had hemophilia
queen Elizabeth of England
What chromosome is sickle cell anemia on
what type of mutation causes this and what gene is it associated with
what does it do (the shape)
point mutation from glutamic acid to valine on the B-globin gene
blocks blood vessels
meiosis leads to production of ____
aka ___ and ___
occurs in what types of cells
gametes
sperm and eggs
germ cells
mitosis leads to the production of ____ ___
with the same number of ____ as the parent cell
occurs in what type of cells
two cells
chromosomes
somatic cells
what is DNA in the nucleus complexed with
when not dividing, DNA fibers are ____
what is this substance called
acidic and basic proteins / histones
uncoiled
chromatin
chromatin = _____ + _____
DNA + histones
in human diploid cells what type of pairing is there
what does that word mean
what is true of chromosomes that have this characteristic
homologous
1 paternal copy and 1 maternal copy that are essentially the “same”
they have the same loci
if a cell is diploid and has 2n chromosomes, what is n
how many do we have
the number of chromosomes in haploid cells
23
how to count chromosomes:
how to count DNA molecules
count centromeres
count chromatids
based on position of centromere:
in the middle:
near the end:
very end:
metacentric
acrocentric
telocentric
what are the 3 phases of interphase
G1
s
G2
when is DNA synthesized in the cell cycle
S phase
What is the point where cells withdraw from the cell cycle and are non-dividing
G0
when sister chromatids align in metaphase in mitosis, do homologs pair
no
prophase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase
chromosomes condense
they line up at equatorial plane
sister chromatids separate to opposite pole
cells physically separates
There are 2x the number of DNA in a cell than its parent cell in what phase
number of chromosomes double during what stage(s)
anaphase, when the chromatids are separate but still within one cell
S -> anaphase
what does meiosis do to ploidy
reduce it from diploid to haploid
what is the first kind of division in meiosis
why
what is the second kind of division in meiosis
what is it essentially
reduction division
in the first division, the ploidy reduced
equational division
mitosis
what separates in reduction division
what separates in equational division
homologous pairs
sister chromatids
what is formed in zygotene in meiosis i (subphase)
what is this called
what is the purpose of this
zygotene
synaptonemal complexes
so that homologous chromosomes can pair with each other
what represents a point where nonsister chromatids have undergone genetic exchange
what is the structure called where chromosome crossing over occurs
are these chromosomes homologous
chiasma
bivalent
yes!
The ________zips homologous chromosomes together into a _______, and the ______ marks where they exchange parts.
synaptonemal complex
bivalent
chiasma
