INTRO TO FOUNDATION ENG. Flashcards
New methods of building construction began to appear in the late ____ century.
19
The introduction of steel and reinforced concrete led to transition away from ___________________ structures to more ___________________ structures.
rigid masonry, flexible rigid frame
Eiffel tower in Paris was built in _______ - _______
1887 - 1889
It is an excellent example of a new type of structure in which old rules for foundation no longer applies.
Eiffel tower in Paris
Where is Eiffel tower adjacent and what is the soil condition in there?
Seine River, uncompacted fill and soft alluvial soils
In the Eiffel tower, piers for the nearby Alma bridge had already settled by ___ meter/s.
1
Eiffel devised a new way of exploring the soils, which consisted of driving ______ mm diameter pipe filled with ___________________,
200 , compressed air
Eiffel placed the foundations for the two legs farthest from the river on the SHALLOW but firm ________ soils. The bottom of these foundations were above _____________.
Alluvial Soils
Ground Water Table
Eiffel made the foundations for the other two legs much DEEPER on firm soils. This required ____ m excavation below the ground surface ( ____ below GWT)
12, 6
The angular distortion is defined as
change in height over length
Engineers instead of simply developing new empirical rules, they began to investigate the __________ of foundations and developed more rational methods of design thus establishing the discipline of ___________ engineering.
behavior, foundation
Design methods includes a mixture of _________ and _________ techniques.
rational, empirical
these are those developed from the principles of physics and engineering sciences
rational techniques
are based primarily on experimental data
empirical techniques
In spite of many uncertainties in foundation design and analysis, the public expects the engineers to develop reliable and economical designs in a timely and efficient manner.
We compensate these uncertainties by using _________________________ in our designs.
factor of safety
Railway bridges
Warehouses
Blast furnaces
Retaining walls
Silos
Maximum design load likely to occur often
disastrous consequences
thorough 3
limited 4
Highway Bridges
Light industrial and public buildings
Maximum design load may occur occasionally
serious consequences
thorough 2.5
limited 3.5
Apartment Buildings
Office Buildings
Maximum design load unlikely to occur often
thorough 2
limited 3
UBC
Uniform Building Code
ACI
AISC
American Concrete Institute
American Institute of Steel Construction
AASHTO
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials
What are the two types of shallow foundations
spread footings and mats
Give 3 examples of deep foundation
Pile, Anchor, Caisson, Pressure Injected Footings
What are the performance requirements
- design loads
- methods of expression
- strength requirements
- serviceability requirements
