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DC > Intro to Firefighting > Flashcards

Intro to Firefighting Flashcards

1
Q

Combustion thresholds?

A

IGNITION TEMPERATURE - The lowest temperature required to initiate self-sustained combustion of a substance without external ignition source of heat.
FIRE POINT - Temperature at which sufficient vapor is given off to continue burning after ignition.
FLASH POINT - The lowest temperature at which a liquid gives off sufficient vapor to form a flammable mixture with air.

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2
Q

Fire Triangle?

A

Oxygen, Fuel, Heat.

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3
Q

Fire Tetrahedron?

A

Oxygen, Fuel, Heat, Uninhibited chain reaction

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4
Q

Life cycle of a fire?

A
  1. Growth Stage
  2. Flashover
  3. Fully developed fire
  4. Decay stage
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5
Q

Fire Dynamics during the Growth Stage?

A
  • Earliest stage beginning with ignition.
  • Fire limited to origin of ignition.
  • Forms a hot, smoky layer in the overhead (rollover)
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6
Q

Fired Dynamics during Flashover?

A
  • Simultaneous ignition of all contents of the compartment.
  • Normally occurs when the upper gas layer reaches 1100 degrees.
  • Can usually be prevented by proper fog application or venting.
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7
Q

Fire Dynamics during Fully Developed Stage?

A
  • All combustibles in the space have reached their ignition temperature and are burning.
  • Burning rate limited by the amount of oxygen available.
  • Flames emerge from any opening.
  • Unburned fuel in the smoke may burn as it meets fresh air in adjacent compartments.
  • Structural damage to steel normally occurs.
  • Normally inaccessible by hose teams.
  • Best fought using indirect attack.
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8
Q

Fire dynamics during Decay Stage?

A
  • Available oxygen is consumed or reduced to a point where there is insufficient oxygen to react with fuel.
  • flame may cease to exist if the area is sufficiently airtight.
  • Burning reduced to glowing embers
  • If fire continues to smolder, compartment will fill with dense smoke and gases and temperatures could reach well over 1000 degrees Celsius.
  • Intense heat and high concentration of fire gases could produce suitable conditions fora backdraft explosion.
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9
Q

Heat Sources?

A

Chemical: Mixing chemicals such as acid and water in a manner that produces heat
Spontaneous Ignition: Heating produced by organic materials with no external source of heat (Oily rags)
Mechanical Friction: Heat produced when 2 objects rubbing together (Dry Bearings)
Compressed Air: Diesel combustion
Electrical: High currents, shorts or overloads
Static Charge/Discharge: Spark produces heat when static is discharged to ground
Solar: radiant heat

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10
Q

Fuels for fire?

A

Solid
Liquid
Gas (Vapor)

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11
Q

Oxidation?

A

-Chemical process where a substance combines with oxygen
-Energy (heat) is given off

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12
Q

Combustion?

A

-Rapid oxidation of many vapor molecules

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13
Q

Pyrolysis?

A

-Chemical decomposition of a solid to a vapor by the action of heat

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14
Q

Chemical Chain Reaction?

A
  1. Heated Fuell releases vapors
  2. Vapors combine to create new compounds.
  3. The new compounds combine with oxygen and ignite.
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15
Q

Heat transfers?

A

Conduction - Direct physical contact
Radiation - Across an empty space
Convection - Through the motion of circulating gases or liquids

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16
Q

Agent for fighting class ALPHA?

17
Q

Agent for fighting class BRAVO?

A

AFF
PKP
HALON

18
Q

Agent for flighting class CHARLIE?

19
Q

Agent for fighting class DELTA?

20
Q

What are the 3 forms when using the nozzle?

A
  • Straight stream
  • Narrow angle fog
  • Wide angle fog
21
Q

AFFF (Aqueous Film Forming Foam)?

A
  • Lighter than most liquid fuels
  • Provides vapor barrier
  • Commonly used on Class “B” fires
  • Clear, amber colored liquid
  • 6& concentrate, 94% water
  • Some cooling affect due to water content
22
Q

Carbon Dioxide?

A
  • Inert gas, heavier than air
  • Preferred agent for Class “C” fires: Non-conductive, Non-corrosive, Leaves no residue
  • No reflash protection
  • Hazards: Static electricity buildup, suffocation, frostbite
23
Q

APC (Aqueous Potassium Carbonate)?

A
  • Used in the Range Guard system
  • Reacts with burning fat/ cooking oil produce a non-combustible soap-like material that provides a vapor barrier on the surface of the cooking oil
24
Q

Potassium Bicarbonate (PKP)?

A
  • Highly corrosive on electrical circuits
  • Quick flame knockdown
  • No reflash protection
  • Commonly used in conjunction with AFFF on Bravo Fires
  • Personnel Hazards: May cause temporary breathing difficulty, May interfere with visibility
25
Q

Halon 1301 (bromotrifluormethane?

A
  • Extremely effective for Class “B” fires
  • Somewhat effective for Class “A” fires
  • No reflash protection
  • Hazards: high velocity discharge (extremely noisy, local turbulence, frostbite); Toxic decomposition (Hydrogen bromide, hydrogen fluoride)

DC (5 decks)

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