Intro to Endocrinology Flashcards
What is a hormone?
A chemical substance
What secretes hormones?
A gland or group of glands, or a tissue into body fluid
What do hormones do?
They have a physiological control effect on other cells of the body
Define endocrine and exocrine.
Endocrine: secretes within the body
Exocrine: secretes outside of the body
What are the various time frames in which hormonal control can take place?
Seconds (epinephrine/ norepinephrine)
several days/weeks
Months ( thyroxine/ growth hormone)
True or False. The nervous system can interact with hormonal system.
True
The sympathetic nervous system can stimulate which glands?
the adrenal glands
The central nervous system can control which gland?
the pituitary gland
True or False. The nervous system can control all hormones
False. It can control some but not all
What metabolic functions of the body does the endocrine system control?
Chemical reaction rate of cells
Transport of substances through cell membrane
Growth of body
Secretion of other hormones
Name the 9 endocrine glands and tissues.
- Pituitary
- Adrenal
- thyroid
- Parathyroid
- Islets of Langerhans
- ovaries
- Testes
- Placenta
- duodenum
What is the anterior pituitary primarily controlled by?
Controlled by other hormones
What hormones does the anterior pituitary gland secrete? (6)
Growth hormone
Adrenocorticotropin
thyroid-stimulating hormone
Follicle-stimulating hormone
Luteinizing hormone
Prolactin
The posterior pituitary is primarily under what control?
Neuronal control
What hormones does the posterior pituitary secrete?
Oxytocin
antidiuretic hormone
The adrenal glands can be separated into two parts. What two parts are these?
The adrenal cortex and the adrenal medulla
The adrenal cortex is primarily under what control?
Hormonal control
What hormones does the adrenal cortex secrete?
Cortisol
Aldosterone
The adrenal medulla is under what control?
Neural control
What hormones does the adrenal medulla secrete?
Secretes two catecholamine hormones:
adrenaline (epinephrine) (major secretion)
Noradrenaline (norepinephrine) (minor secretion)
Where is the thyroid gland located?
Located up in the sternal and mediastinal area of the thorax. Situated above the thymus which sits above the heart.
What hormones does the thyroid secrete?
Thyroxine
Triiodothyronine
Calcitonin
Why is the parathyroid gland considered separate from the thyroid gland even though it is located within it?
Due to its function
What hormone does the parathyroid gland secrete?
Parathyroid hormone
The parathyroid gland consists of what?
Four small blobs located within the thyroid gland
Where are the Islets of Langerhans found?
In the pancreas
Are the Islets of Langerhans considered glands or endocrine tissue
Endocrine tissue
What hormones do the Islets secrete?
Insulin
Glucagon
True or False. The ovaries are considered to be an endocrine gland.
True
What hormones do the ovaries produce?
Estrogen
Progesterone