Intro to Educational Audiology Flashcards
Describe challenges of developing oral and written language for D/HH children.
- D/HH children present with a variety of linguistic abilities
- D children: more likely to exhibit obvious deficits and clear educational challenges that require significant accommodations (i.e. interpreters)
- HH children:more likely to use spoken English as primary language and be in regular classroom (educational needs and struggles more likely to be overlooked)
- Preschool skills in math, reading, and attention are some of the predictors of determining how successfully students will manage school
Describe phonological awareness in D/HH children.
- Children with HL are at-risk for difficulties with decoding
- D/HH children have been shown to exhibit poor PA skills at ages 5 and 10 years (therefore, literacy journey should begin early)
What are some early elementary classroom demands?
- Grades 1-3
- Primary focus of the classroom is developing literacy and math skills
-As children move to upper elementary grades, they must use their literacy skills to learn from subject texts and written math problems
- In addition to continued expectation of:
1) Reading non/fiction stories
2) Writing book reports/summaries/research papers
3) Answering questions on tests
4) Using accurate grammar, spelling, punctuation, penmanship
What are some upper elementary classroom demands?
-Demands increase and students are expected to spend 50% of the instructional day in independent seat work that requires the ability to:
1) Set priorities
2) Organize time
3) make choices about how to approach assignments
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Those with difficulty managing the linguistic demands of the classroom are at risk for deficits in: self-regulation, self-determination
- These skills are needed for the development of higher reasoning skills (setting priorities, making choices, organizing work, initiating conversations, asking for clarification)
- Demands increase with each grade
What is self-regulation?
-Managing the internal states and external behaviors to achieve specific tasks
What is self-determination?
-Having confidence in one’s abilities to achieve important goals
Describe syntax and morphology development in NH children.
- Typically developing children exhibit amazing sentence skills by the time they begin school at 5 years of age (i.e. complex sentences include embedded phrases and conjoined clauses)
- May take until age 9 for typically developing children to understand passive voice
Describe syntax and morphology development in D/HH children.
- Delayed morphological development
- Early grammatical morphemes are the most vulnerable
- D/HH children often show comprehension and production weaknesses for complex utterances with embedded clauses
- Some children who have received intense oral language training can achieve age-level skills for complex syntactic understanding
- May continue to demonstrate comprehension weaknesses for passive voice well into adolescence (14-17 years)
- Infrequent constructions are indicative of higher level language comprehension and expected of students as writing matures
Describe how word learning occurs in D/HH school-age children.
- D/HH children can develop vocab skills commensurate with peers; however, auditory processing association with PA delays may:
1) limit vocab development
2) delay strategy use for word learning
3) result in below grade-level reading skills - Therefore, context-based vocab acquisition may ont be available for D/HH children unless they receive explicit instruction on its use
- D/HH children are at-risk for starting school with limited semantic ability
Describe figurative language development.
- Students must comprehend the immediate context of the message being spoken and move beyond the literal interpretation to: implied comparisons, deliberate incongruity of what is being said to what is intended
- Needed for social interactions/witty conversational exchanges
- Central to academic success
What are some challenges of figurative language for D/HH children?
-D/HH children are at-risk for having difficulty understanding and using figurative language
What are the functions of figurative language?
- Clarify unknown concepts
- Idioms
- Humor
- Irony
What is the role of the Ed AuD on the educational team?
- Expert on HL and its consequences
- Serves as a resource for comprehensive assessment, in/direct services
- Provide in-service activities regarding HL and HA/CI/FM/etc. technology
- Spearhead public information efforts
How can the Ed AuD serves as a resource for comprehensive assessment, in/direct services?
- Evaluation of a child’s speech perception capabilities
- Selection, fitting, and monitoring of amplification and AT
- Make referrals to appropriate healthcare and related service providers
- Counseling of students, parents, teachers, etc.
Why is it important for the Ed AuD to educate the educational team about HL and its consequences?
- Efforts of the IEP team must be guided by a complete understanding of the child’s HL and overall needs
- Knowledge must be coordinated with and integrated with ongoing classroom instruction and extracurricular activities
- Vital that all service providers work collaboratively to support the student and address his/her individual needs
What are the Common Core State Standards (CCSS)?
- Set of grade-specific skills and concepts that all students are expected to acquire in K-12th grade so that they are prepared to succeed in college course work an workforce training programs
- Standards in Math and English/Language Arts (ELA)
- Created to ensure that all students graduate from high school with the skills and knowledge necessary to succeed in college, career, and life
What are supports and considerations may be provided to students with HL under CCSS?
-Students with HL may require individualized supports and services that enable them to achieve the same high standards required of NH peers
- Instructional and classroom modifications/accommodations
- Related services in areas of speaking/listening, language, communication, reading, social, and self-advocacy skills
- Linking IEP activities to content standards helps to ensure that students with HL have opportunities to reinforce the CCSS addressed in their classrooms
