Intro to drug discovery

Question 1

What is drug discovery, and how has it evolved?

Answer 1

Drug discovery identifies target molecules for future medicines, designs and synthesises potential lead compounds, and screens for efficacy and toxicity. It has advanced with the “omics” revolution, computational tools, combinatorial chemistry, and high-throughput screening.

Question 2

What are some techniques in drug discovery?

Answer 2

• X-ray crystallography
• NMR spectroscopy
• Artificial Intelligence
• Mass Spectrometry

Question 3

What is “open science” in drug discovery, and why is it important?

Answer 3

Open science in drug discovery involves freely sharing research outputs, such as raw data and resources, to reduce duplication, facilitate collaboration, and redirect efforts toward neglected or high-risk areas. Notable initiatives include the Structural Genomics Consortium and the Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative.

Question 4

Why is genetic diversity important in drug discovery?

Answer 4

Genetic diversity affects disease risk and drug response across populations. For instance, IL28B polymorphisms influence HCV drug efficacy among individuals of African descent, highlighting the need for diverse genetic representation in clinical trials.

Question 5

What is the significance of inclusivity and diversity in drug discovery?

Answer 5

Inclusivity in drug discovery ensures diverse population representation, which improves drug safety and efficacy across different genetic backgrounds. It acknowledges variations in drug metabolism, disease susceptibility, and treatment outcomes.