Intro To Disease

Question 1

Any harmful deviation from the normal structure of functional state of an organism, generally associated with certain signs and symptoms and differing in nature from physical injury.

Answer 1

Disease

Question 2

Disease, any harmful _______ from the normal structural or functional state of an organism, generally associated with certain signs and symptoms and differing in nature from physical _______.

Answer 2

Deviation
Injury

Question 3

The study of disease is called _______.

Answer 3

Pathology

Question 4

It involves that it determination of the cause (etiology) of the disease, the understanding of the mechanism of its development (pathogenesis), the structural changes associated with the disease process (morphological changes), and the functional consequences of those changes.

Answer 4

Pathology

Question 5

The study of what causes the disease.

Answer 5

Etiology

Question 6

It is the understanding of the mechanisms of its development.

Answer 6

Pathogenesis

Question 7

It is the structural changes associated with the disease process.

Answer 7

Morphological changes

Question 8

• It is the normal state of an organism represents a condition of delicate physiological balance.
• it is defined as a self regulating process by which a living organism can maintain internal stability while adjusting to changing external conditions.

Answer 8

Homeostasis

Question 9

Two classification of diseases:

Answer 9

Infectious diseases
Non infectious diseases

Question 10

It is a group of disease resulting from invasion of the animal body by infectious biological or pathogenic agents as bacteria, virus, yeast, and fungi.

Answer 10

Infectious diseases

Question 11

Four pathogenic agents:

Answer 11

Bacteria
Virus
Yeast
Fungi

Question 12

• It is a disease that resulting from environmental condition.
• bad ventilation or faults in animal housing.
• mechanical, physical or chemical agents.
• metabolic disorder and nutritional deficiency.

Answer 12

Non infectious diseases

Question 13

1. Viral, asf, rabies, crd, fmd
2. Bacterial and fungal, tetanus, leptospirosis, anthrax, tb
3. Parasitic diseases
   
   • trematodes, fascioliasis and paramphystoma.
   • nematodes, strongylosis, gastrophilus and habronemiasis.
   • protozoa, babesiosis, theileriosis, trypanosomiasis and toxoplasmosis.
4. Multifactorial, mix infection due to more than one M.O as mastitis.

Answer 13

According to etiology:

Question 14

Diseases in which occur transmission of causative agent or its products from reservoirs to susceptible host by direct and indirect transmission.

Answer 14

Contagious disease

Question 15

Infected animals or contaminated an inanimate objects.

Answer 15

Reservoirs

Question 16

Directly as by direct contact or by droplet infection.
Indirectly through an intermediate plant or animal host, vectors are in animate materials.
Example: fmd, cattle plague, brucellosis, epizootic lymphangitis, equine influenza.
Example: contagious skin necrosis, dermatophytosis, mange

Answer 16

Contagious disease

Question 17

4 diseases according to course:

Answer 17

Peracute
Acute
Subacute
Chronic

Question 18

A very rapid in their course (few hours or days)as anthrax and most of clostridial diseases

Answer 18

Peracute

Question 19

Have short course but more longer than peracute (few days, 1-2 weeks) as colibacillosis, fmd, three day sickness and strangles.

Answer 19

Acute

Question 20

Course is less than acute (few weeks).

Answer 20

Subacute

Question 21

Course is extended over a long period (months or years) due to slow growth of MO inside the host body as TB.

Answer 21

Chronic

Question 22

This is appear in individual cases and appear without regularity in a population unit.
In section exist in the population and only occasionally some animals exhibited signs of disease.

Answer 22

Sporadic disease

Question 23

A disease which occurs with predictable regularity in a population unit with minor fluctuation in its frequency pattern over the time.
Example: fmd, fascioliasis, rvf

Answer 23

Endemic or enzootic disease

Question 24

Group of the diseases that occur by an accidental level in the population.
Affecting many animals and rapidly spread.
Example: birds flu, chicungunia

Answer 24

Epidemic or epizootic disease

Question 25

It is a very large scale epidemic usually involving several countries over a wide geographic region at the same time.
Example: bovine tv, brucellosis

Answer 25

Pandemic disease

Question 26

Spread of disease
Infectious diseases can be spread by:

Answer 26

Direct contact between animals
Germs in feed and water
By faeces and urine from sick animals
By flies, tick, lice, and fleas
By dirty housing our shelters

P.S
Young and old animals become infected more easily

Question 27

Preventing infectious diseases:

Answer 27

• Animals, like humans, must be clean in order to be healthy. The animals must be provided with clean feed, water, bedding, and shelter.
• Sick animals should be kept separate from the others.
• some diseases can be cured by drugs.
• vaccination can protect animals against some diseases.
• dead animals and ways should be disposed of properly.

Question 28

Preventing non infectious diseases

Answer 28

• The chronic non-infectious disease may not be recognized as a disease.
• The affected animals may not die but will not produce as much milk, meat or wool, or work as well as could be expected.
• improve feed, water, mineral and vitamin supplies we will find the way to control the non infectious disease.

Question 29

Generally are long lasting and progress slowly, and thus they are sometimes also referred to as chronic diseases.

Answer 29

Noncommunicable disease

Question 30

They can arise from environmental exposures or from genetically determined abnormalities, which may be evident at birth or which may become apparent later in life.

Answer 30

Non-communicable disease

Question 31

4 major types of non-communicable disease:

Answer 31

Cancer
Cardiovascular disease
Heart attack
Stroke

Question 32

2 Chronic respiratory disease:

Answer 32

Asthma
Diabetes mellitus

Question 33

Diseases are those transmitted from one organism to another.

Answer 33

Communicable or contagious disease

Question 34

Are diseases caused in the host by infecting with living, and therefore replicating, microorganism, such as animal parasites, bacteria, fungi, are viruses.

Answer 34

Infectious disease

Question 35

Type of disease that leads to cause of death.

Answer 35

Infectious disease

Question 36

4 types of microorganism:

Answer 36

Parasites
Bacteria
Fungi
Viruses