Intro To Disease Flashcards
Any harmful deviation from the normal structure of functional state of an organism, generally associated with certain signs and symptoms and differing in nature from physical injury.
Disease
Disease, any harmful _______ from the normal structural or functional state of an organism, generally associated with certain signs and symptoms and differing in nature from physical _______.
Deviation
Injury
The study of disease is called _______.
Pathology
It involves that it determination of the cause (etiology) of the disease, the understanding of the mechanism of its development (pathogenesis), the structural changes associated with the disease process (morphological changes), and the functional consequences of those changes.
Pathology
The study of what causes the disease.
Etiology
It is the understanding of the mechanisms of its development.
Pathogenesis
It is the structural changes associated with the disease process.
Morphological changes
- It is the normal state of an organism represents a condition of delicate physiological balance.
- it is defined as a self regulating process by which a living organism can maintain internal stability while adjusting to changing external conditions.
Homeostasis
Two classification of diseases:
Infectious diseases
Non infectious diseases
It is a group of disease resulting from invasion of the animal body by infectious biological or pathogenic agents as bacteria, virus, yeast, and fungi.
Infectious diseases
Four pathogenic agents:
Bacteria
Virus
Yeast
Fungi
- It is a disease that resulting from environmental condition.
- bad ventilation or faults in animal housing.
- mechanical, physical or chemical agents.
- metabolic disorder and nutritional deficiency.
Non infectious diseases
- Viral, asf, rabies, crd, fmd
- Bacterial and fungal, tetanus, leptospirosis, anthrax, tb
- Parasitic diseases
- trematodes, fascioliasis and paramphystoma.
- nematodes, strongylosis, gastrophilus and habronemiasis.
- protozoa, babesiosis, theileriosis, trypanosomiasis and toxoplasmosis.
- Multifactorial, mix infection due to more than one M.O as mastitis.
According to etiology:
Diseases in which occur transmission of causative agent or its products from reservoirs to susceptible host by direct and indirect transmission.
Contagious disease
Infected animals or contaminated an inanimate objects.
Reservoirs
Directly as by direct contact or by droplet infection.
Indirectly through an intermediate plant or animal host, vectors are in animate materials.
Example: fmd, cattle plague, brucellosis, epizootic lymphangitis, equine influenza.
Example: contagious skin necrosis, dermatophytosis, mange
Contagious disease
4 diseases according to course:
Peracute
Acute
Subacute
Chronic
A very rapid in their course (few hours or days)as anthrax and most of clostridial diseases
Peracute
Have short course but more longer than peracute (few days, 1-2 weeks) as colibacillosis, fmd, three day sickness and strangles.
Acute
Course is less than acute (few weeks).
Subacute
Course is extended over a long period (months or years) due to slow growth of MO inside the host body as TB.
Chronic
This is appear in individual cases and appear without regularity in a population unit.
In section exist in the population and only occasionally some animals exhibited signs of disease.
Sporadic disease
A disease which occurs with predictable regularity in a population unit with minor fluctuation in its frequency pattern over the time.
Example: fmd, fascioliasis, rvf
Endemic or enzootic disease
Group of the diseases that occur by an accidental level in the population.
Affecting many animals and rapidly spread.
Example: birds flu, chicungunia
Epidemic or epizootic disease
It is a very large scale epidemic usually involving several countries over a wide geographic region at the same time.
Example: bovine tv, brucellosis
Pandemic disease
Spread of disease
Infectious diseases can be spread by:
Direct contact between animals
Germs in feed and water
By faeces and urine from sick animals
By flies, tick, lice, and fleas
By dirty housing our shelters
P.S
Young and old animals become infected more easily
Preventing infectious diseases:
- Animals, like humans, must be clean in order to be healthy. The animals must be provided with clean feed, water, bedding, and shelter.
- Sick animals should be kept separate from the others.
- some diseases can be cured by drugs.
- vaccination can protect animals against some diseases.
- dead animals and ways should be disposed of properly.
Preventing non infectious diseases
- The chronic non-infectious disease may not be recognized as a disease.
- The affected animals may not die but will not produce as much milk, meat or wool, or work as well as could be expected.
- improve feed, water, mineral and vitamin supplies we will find the way to control the non infectious disease.
Generally are long lasting and progress slowly, and thus they are sometimes also referred to as chronic diseases.
Noncommunicable disease
They can arise from environmental exposures or from genetically determined abnormalities, which may be evident at birth or which may become apparent later in life.
Non-communicable disease
4 major types of non-communicable disease:
Cancer
Cardiovascular disease
Heart attack
Stroke
2 Chronic respiratory disease:
Asthma
Diabetes mellitus
Diseases are those transmitted from one organism to another.
Communicable or contagious disease
Are diseases caused in the host by infecting with living, and therefore replicating, microorganism, such as animal parasites, bacteria, fungi, are viruses.
Infectious disease
Type of disease that leads to cause of death.
Infectious disease
4 types of microorganism:
Parasites
Bacteria
Fungi
Viruses
