Intro to Dermatology COPY Flashcards
What is the dermis? What is it composed of?
- Proteins - Collagen and elastic fibres
- 50% = water, HA has importnat role of keeping water there
What are the different cells that are a part of the dermis?
Fibroblasts = primary / predominant cells, but also contains …?
Where is the epidermis derived from?
What is found only in the palms and soles?
Ectoderm
Stratus lucid
What is the blood supply to the skin?
Which part of the NS supplies the…?
Deep and superficial vascular plexuses
ANS supplies the?
How are the afferent nerves arranged in the skin?
Which part of the body has greater sensory receptors / neurons?
Branching network often accompanying blood vessels
What is the meissner corpuscle?
Found in the lips + finger pads
Ruffini Corpuscle
Pacinian corpuscle
Inportant for deep pressure - most oncentrated in the hands and feet
What are the different functions of the different nerve supplies? Fill in the table below:
MCQ 2:
What is the microbiome of the skin? Why is it so important?
Hygiene hypothesis?
Predominantly actinobacteria
Face = sebum = acne
Increased cleanliness = actopic conditions?
What are the functions of the skin?
copy off slide
How does the skin provide an immune barrier?
Langerhan cells - place their projects in the something - initiate immune repsonse against microbial threats - projections = nothing can enter through the epidermis without being detected by them
Endogenous antibiotics
How does the skin act as a physcial barrier?
Prevents protein and water loss? Skin and melanin helps prevent UV radiation causing DNA mutations
How does the skin help with thermoregulation / fluid balance?
Sweating
What are the metabolic functions of the skin?
Vitamin D synthesis
Subcutaneous fat - keeps within healthy range??
leptin release - hunger suppression hormone
How does skin affect us psychologically?
Aesthetic appearance - psychosexual function, increased risk of suicide
MCQ 3:
What is the function of hair?
Protection against external factors
Secretes sebum
Thermoregulation - hair stands on end / lay down flat
social and sexual interaction
Hair = crucial role in injury, keratinocytes = contains stem cells for recorvery after ijust to skin
What is the difference between terminal and vellus hairs?
Terminal - scalp, eyebrows and eyelashes
Vellus = everywhere else except, palms, soles, nails and lips
What are the 3 components of the hair cycle?
What can cause what to stop?
- Anagen
- Catagen = regressing phase
- Telogen phase - resting, loss of old hair after 3 months?
Stress or something
What is the structure of the hair?
continuous with the epidermis, base contains cepillary loop, nerve fibre and something with stroma
Arrector pili - smooth muscle which makes hairs stand on end
oil glands = hyperactive in people with acne
infundubulum + isthmus
How does the structure of the hair help the hair grow?
Lower part = called the bulb outer root sheath, inner root sheath = right direction, something contains the vasulature and nerve fibres
Stem cells migrate downwards then - something migrates upwards to replenish something - something is importnat for injury to replace something
What is the purpose of nails?
Counter effects to the something - importnat for dexeterity as well
Enhance ability to something touch
What is the structure of nails?
What produces the nail plate? What is the lunula?
What does the nail matrix contain?
emerges from the proximal nail fold
detached from the nail bed ta the hyponychium
What are some examples of skin disorders?
Trigger of psoriasis?
- Psoriasis = chronic, immune ediated disorder = combination of genes
Trauma, medication, infection etc.
T cell mediated disorder
classic feature = sharp scaly red flap = often in the elbows, knees + outer skull
chronic + systemic disease - psoriatic arthritis = 1/3 and associated with liver?
pathophysiology of psoriasis:
antimicrobial peptides = endogenous Abs
What is chronic plaque psoriasis?
Subtype name?
finger nails one
ouch
first clinical signs?
Guttate psoriasis? - emerges from strepcocc - less chronic course
How is psoriasis managed?
put in diagram - smoking and excessive alcohol aggravates it
Severity matched with treatment
Limited = topical treatments, vit D analogues etc.
Extensive body surface area = phototherapy, narrowband UVB or PUVA
Atopic eczema
Itchy = AE, or else not AE
typically begins in infancy / early childhood, associated with asthma and hayfever often
Eczema = umbrella term
What are the diff types of eczema?
dandruff, allergic, contact
What is the pathophysiology of eczema?
Clinical features? of eczema?
allergic contact eczema
can complicate atopic eczema or exist on its own
Venous stasis eczema
something inflated?
What is the management of atopic eczema?
