Intro to Derm - Exam 1 Flashcards
What is important to remember about the derm exam that is different from another body system?
want to exam the pt’s FIRST before a hx is taken to improve diagnostic accuracy without having the pt’s perspective cloud your judgement
What 3 things are included in the skin exam?
hair, skin and nails
What is a macule? What is the size cut off?
Flat, NON-palpable lesions
usually < 10 mm in diameter
A _____ is a large macule.
patch
What is a papule? What is the size cut off?
ELEVATED lesions
usually < 5 mm in diameter that can be felt or palpated
What is a plaque? What is the size cut off? What can the top of them look like?
Palpable lesions > 10 mm in diameter that are ELEVATED or DEPRESSED compared to the skin surface.
flat topped or rounded
What is a nodule? What is the size cut off?
Firm lesions that extend into the dermis or subcutaneous tissue
> 5mm
What is a vesicle? What is the size cut off?
Small, clear, fluid-filled blisters
< 10 mm in diameter
What is a bulla? What is the size cut off? What are some common causes?
Clear fluid-filled blisters
> 10 mm in diameter
These may be caused by burns, bites, irritant or allergic contact dermatitis, and drug reactions
What is a pustule? What is the size cut off?
Vesicles that contain pus.
?? assuming less than 10 mm?? same as vesicle?
What is urticaria? How long do they typically last?
Wheals or hives are characterized by ELEVATED lesions caused by localized edema
The typical wheal lasts < 24 h.
What are some common reasons behind urticaria?
Wheals are a common manifestation of hypersensitivity to drugs, stings or bites, autoimmunity, and, less commonly, physical stimuli including temperature, pressure, and sunlight
What are scales composed of?
Heaped-up accumulations of horny epithelium
What does crusts consists of?
Consist of dried serum, blood, or pus
What is an erosion? What is an excoriation?
Open areas of skin that result from loss of part or all of the epidermis
An excoriation is a linear erosion caused by scratching, rubbing, or picking.
What is the technical definition of an ulcer?
Result from loss of the epidermis and at least part of the dermis
What is petechiae? What is important to note?
NONBLANCHABLE punctate foci of hemorrhage
What is purpura? Palpable purpura is considered the hallmark of ________
Larger area of hemorrhage that may be PALPABLE
leukocytoclastic vasculitis.
What is atrophy? What does it resemble? What medication is atrophy associated with?
Thinning of the skin, which may appear dry and wrinkled, resembling cigarette paper
topical corticosteroids
What are scars? What are keloids?
Areas of fibrosis that replace normal skin after injury
hypertrophic scars that extend beyond the original wound margin.
What are telangiectases?
Foci of small, permanently dilated blood vessels
What is a cyst? What shape? What color?
Cavity containing liquid or solid or semisolid materials and it may be superficial or deep
dome shaped
May be skin colored, yellow, red or blue
What does the ABCDE checklist stand for? Above what size is considered high risk?
Asymmetry
Border
Color
Diameter
Evolution
> 6mm is considered high risk
What is an intertriginous distribution?
only found where 2 skin areas may touch or rub together
think skin folds in obese pts, arm pits, under the breast
What is geographic when describing a derm distribution?
a skin lesion that resembles a map and has well defined margins
large and vary greatly with borders
What is a serpiginous distribution?
a skin lesion or rash that has a snake-like or creeping appearance
What is a nummular distribution?
resembling a coin
What is a morbilliform distribution?
A morbilliform rash is made up of flat or slightly raised pink or red spots that may merge into larger plaques. The rash usually starts on the trunk and spreads symmetrically to the extremities
What is targetoid? whorled?
Targetoid → resembles a target
Whorled → marble like
What are some provocative factors that are important questions to ask in derm?
heat, cold, sun, exercise!, travel history, drug ingestion, pregnancy, season
hobbies, occupation
**Describe the Fitzpatrick skin type scale
What is a dermoscopy? What is diascopy?
hand lens with built in lighting and magnification
firmly pressing a glass slide over lesion to determine capillary dilation (erythema) or blood extravasation (purpura)
What is a Wood’s lamp? When is it commonly used?
UV long wave light (black light)
good for fungal infections and scabes
What am I?
vesicle
What am I?
macule
What am I?
erosion
What am I?
scales
What am I?
purpura
What am I?
pustule
What am I?
ulcer
What am I?
cyst
What am I?
papule
What am I?
scar
What am I?
petechiae
What am I?
telangiectases
What am I?
urticaria
What am I?
plaque
What am I?
bulla
What am I?
nodule
What am I?
crust
