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CS101 FINALS > Intro to Database > Flashcards

Intro to Database Flashcards

1
Q

Why do we need to manage data?

A

• Organizations could not function long without critical business data
• Cost to replace data would be very high
• Time to reconcile inconsistent data may be too long
• Data often needs to be accessed quickly
• Data should be:
- Cataloged
- Named in standard ways
- Protected
- Accessible to those with a need to know
- Maintained with high quality

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2
Q

A collection of data that is organized in a way that facilities retrieval and reporting

A

Database

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3
Q

Uses of Database

A
  • Databases are commonly used to store data which are too large to be managed on a paper or through simple spreadsheets
  • Most businesses use databases for accounts, inventory, personnel and other record keeping
  • Databases are also becoming more widely used by home users for address books, CD collections, recipe archives, etc.
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4
Q

Advantages of Database Approach

A
  • Reduction in data redundancy
  • Maintenance of data
  • Data are self-documented or self-descriptive
  • Avoidance of inconsistencies
  • Reduced cost of software development
  • Security restrictions
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5
Q

Types of Database Software Packages

A
  • File Management System

* Database Management System

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6
Q

‘flat-file’

records from only one file can be related at a time

A

File Management System

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7
Q

Allow records from multiple files to be related and manipulated at the same time

A

Database Management System

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8
Q

Collection of interrelated data and set of programs to access the data, that provides an environment that is both convenient and efficient to use

A

Database Management System

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9
Q

Database examples

A
  • Customer lists
  • Records related to hobbies or collections
  • Employee records
  • Inventories
  • Sales records
  • Student grades and information
  • Catalogs of tapes or books
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10
Q

Levels of abstraction

A

Physical level
Logical level
View level

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11
Q

Describes how a record is stored

A

Physical level

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12
Q

Describes data stored in database and the relationships among the data

A

Logical level

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13
Q

Application programs hide details of data types; views can also hide information for security purposes

A

View level

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14
Q

A way for human to visualize the relationships between records that are filed in complex database management systems

A

Data Model

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15
Q

A collection of tools for describing data, data relationships, data semantics and data constraints

A

Data Model

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16
Q

Types of data model

A

Hierarchical data model
Network data model
Relational data model
Object-oriented data model

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17
Q

The oldest data model

Has top-down design; resembles an organizational chart or an inverted tree

A

Hierarchical data model

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18
Q

Each record at one level is linked to (or has a parent at) the next level

A

Hierarchical data model

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19
Q

Multiple relationships are establish between different braches of the data

A

Network data model

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20
Q

The most flexible approach to database organization

Records can be related according to the contents of key fields, or common categories

A

Relational data model

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21
Q

The newest data model

They link objects

A

Object-oriented data model

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22
Q

Object-based logical models

A

• Entity-relationship model
• Object-oriented model
• Semantic model
• Functional model

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23
Q

Record-based logical models

A
  • Relational model
  • Network model
  • Hierarchical model
24
Q

A collection of related records that is self-describing

A

Database file

25
Q

All the information that pertains to one person, object or event

A

Record

26
Q

A required property for each field that defines the type of information that can be entered in each field
The data format that a field value can hold

A

Data type

27
Q

Data types

A 
Text
Memo
Number
Date/Time
Currency
Autonumber
Yes/No
OLE object
Hyperlink
28
Q

A display of records in a table

A

Datasheet

29
Q

An independent object that can be related to another in database schema;
May be a person, place, thing, event, organizational grouping, etc.

A

Entity

30
Q

One category of item in a record, such as name, address or a social security number
Aka column names

A

Field

31
Q

A collection of related records

A

File

32
Q

A field or attribute whose value is required to match the primary key in a table that is related to another

A

Foreign Key

33
Q

A display object that provides an easy-to-use data entry screen that generally shows only one record at a time

A

Form

34
Q

They arrange the format of a query or a report in sets of records meeting common field criteria

A

Grouping and Control Breaks

35
Q

Database model system that connects record types together so that occurrences under a given level can be used to retrieve others directly below it in a logical structure
Aka tree structure

A

Hierarchical Database Model

36
Q

They are one-to-many-relationships only, which results in redundant data at the lower level of the hierarchy

A

Hierarchical records

37
Q

Special kind of field or attribute whose role is to uniquely identify a particular instance of a given identity

A

Identifiers or Key fields

38
Q

An ordered list of items coupled with an indication of where those items can be found
A data structure that allows a table to be retrieved and sorted
An order based upon some keys or set of fields

A

Index

39
Q

A set of format rules to aid in data entry and editing of database records, such as Zip code, Phone or Social Security Number format

A

Mask

40
Q

Command sets or program modules that are saved with a database management system; these basic code modules perform common repeatable tasks to allow operators to maintain a database system without technical knowledge of the database management system used

A

Modules

41
Q

Database model that uses pointers or links within the fields in the records to link the records together
This allows many-to-one as well as one-to-many relationships, resulting in less redundancy than Hierarchical

A

Network Database Model

42
Q

Its objects possess properties and methods to be applied to data with the data itself

A

Object-oriented Database Model

43
Q

One record relates to one record in another table

A

One-to-one relationship

44
Q

An attribute or fields upon which all other fields are functionally dependent, and which is chosen as the main direct access vehicle to individual records
Contents of key fields must be unique

A

Primary key

45
Q

An object which provides a table view of selective data that is a subset of fields and/or records from one or more tables

A

Query

46
Q

Mathematical, relational and logical operators that allow one to set ranges and criteria for records to be retrieved from table(s)

A

Query Operators

47
Q

A set of relational fields

A

Record

48
Q

A database model in which more than one table can share information; the tables are linked or ‘related’ with a common key field of information

A

Relational Model

49
Q

An object that creates a professional printout of data that may contain such enhancements as headers, footers and calculations on groups of records, usually based upon a query

A

Report

50
Q

A collection of records based upon some criteria or relation

A

Recordset

51
Q

A standardized data manipulation language that allows one to filter or retrieve table records by certain criteria

A

SQL (Structured/Standard Query Language)

52
Q

The physical order of the records in a table

A

Sort

53
Q

A collection of records for a single entity, such as all of the customer records

A

Table

54
Q

Means that redundant data has been scattered through the database because the designer has failed to normalize the database

A

Transitive relationships

55
Q

A dynamic datasheet or a selective recordset that allows full edit capability

A

Update query

56
Q

An internal check for values inputted into specific fields of a table

A

Validation

CS101 FINALS (2 decks)

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