intro to data journalism Flashcards
what is Data journalism
Data journalism or data-driven journalism (DDJ) is a journalistic process based on analysing and filtering large data sets for the purpose of creating or elevating a news story.
what does data journalism help us do
The use of data journalism helps tell a complex story through the use of
infographics and data visualisations.
what is visualization
Visualisation is communication of information using graphical representations
the process of visualisation is to help us ______-
think
Large data may require ______, ______ and ______-
sampling, filtering, aggregation
2 ways to deal with missing data
interpolation, remove missing data
what is visual mapping
Which visual representation to use
what is view transformation
Mapping of the visual to the final presentation (dashboard, report)
how is view transformation measured
expressiveness and effectiveness
Expressiveness => An expressive visualisation presents all the information, and only the information
Effectiveness => A visualisation is effective when it can be interpreted accurately and quickly
what is Pre-Attentive Processing
-> No need to focus attention
-> You will notice whether you want to or not
Why are Pre-Attentive Properties Important for Design of Visualisations
-> Can be perceived immediately
-> Can mislead viewer
what are the pre-Attentive Processing attributes
color
shape
size
motion (direction)
spatial grouping
length
width
curvature
enclosure
blur
why does using pre attentive processing attributes in conjunction have minimal impact.
there is minimal impact of data representation because the user will face difficulty in knowing what to focus on.
what is Quantitative Perception
Quantitative perception refers to the ability to accurately perceive and measure quantitative aspects of visual stimuli, such as size, shape, color, and texture.
what are the gestalt principles of perception
Closure
Proximity
Similarity
Continuity
Figure and Ground
Area and Symmetry
what is closure
Closure occurs when an object is incomplete or a space is not completely enclosed.
If enough of the shape is indicated, people perceive the whole by filling in the missing information.
what is proximity
When elements are placed close together, they tend to be perceived
as a group
what is similarity
When objects look similar to one another., they are often perceived as
a group or pattern
what is continuity
Continuation occurs when the eye is compelled to move through one
object and continue to another object
what is Figure and Ground
The eye differentiates an object from its surrounding area. A shape is naturally perceived as figure (object), while the surrounding area is perceived as ground (background).
what is Area and Symmetry
The principle of area states that the smaller of two overlapping figures is perceived as figure while the larger is regarded as ground.
The principle of the symmetrical figure is that it is seen as a closed figure.
Symmetrical contours thus define a figure and isolate it from its ground.
2 main types of data
quantitative
qualitative
types of quantitative data
discrete
continuous
types of qualitative data
nominal
ordinal
what are some no distortion rules for data visualization
–> 3 dimensional effects
–> non linear data scaling (its ok for length but not for area)
–> truncated graph
human can differentiate between how many colours ?
8
