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Federal Law Enforcement > Intro to Criminal Justice > Flashcards

Intro to Criminal Justice Flashcards

1
Q

What is Criminal Justice

A

The system of agencies and practices established by governments to uphold social order, deter, mitigate crime, and impose penalties on those who violate laws

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2
Q

Accessory

A

a person who is not the chief offender but is involved in some kind of way; accomplice or abettor

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3
Q

Aggravation

A

behavior accompanying a crime which increases its intensity or adds to its consequences beyond what is necessary for the commission of the crime itself.

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4
Q

Burglary

A

entering a property or room with the intent to steal items from the premises

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5
Q

Conspiracy

A

agreement between two or more people to commit a crime

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6
Q

Detective

A

officer of the law responsible for investigating crimes (rather than patrolling or responding)

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7
Q

Homocide

A

unlawful killing of a person by another person; includes murder and manslaughter

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8
Q

Juvenile

A

a person between the ages 10 - 16 also known as a minor

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9
Q

Probable Cause

A

facts and circumstances providing reasonable justification for an seizure, search or warrant

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10
Q

Robbery

A

theft of property from a person using force or the threat of force.

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11
Q

Sheriff

A

elected chief officer of a county law enforcement agency

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12
Q

Warrant

A

written order issued by a judge directing an officer to perform an arrest, search or seizure

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13
Q

A/O

A

Arresting Officer

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14
Q

B/E

A

Breaking and Entering

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15
Q

DOA

A

Dead on Arrival

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16
Q

GSR

A

Gunshot residue

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17
Q

MO

A

modus operandi (Latin for method of operation); pattern of behavior typical for a particular offender committing a specific crime

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18
Q

Acquittal

A

legal judgment stating a person accused of a crime cannot be found guilty beyond a reasonable doubt

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19
Q

Appeal

A

request by defense or prosecution to have a higher court resolve a dispute with a decision

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20
Q

Bail

A

release, prior to trial, of an accused person under certain conditions; also refers to the money provided as a condition of release

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21
Q

Charge

A

formal accusation filed by prosecution

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22
Q

Clemency

A

reduction of the sentence of a convicted criminal

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23
Q

Conviction

A

legal judgment stating a person accused of a crime has been found guilty

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24
Q

Deposition

A

sworn testimony of a witness taken outside of court in the presence of prosecution and defense attorneys

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25
Q

Mistrial

A

trial deemed invalid because of a fundamental error in procedure, such as misconduct or a hung jury

26
Q

Objection

A

protest or argument made concerning the activity of the opposing party in court

27
Q

Plea

A

formal statement made by or on behalf of a defendant stating guilt or innocence in response to a charge

28
Q

Pro Se

A

when a defendant represents him or herself rather than having a defense attorney

29
Q

Recusal

A

when a court official disqualifies or withdraws him or herself from a case due to questions regarding bias

30
Q

Subpoena

A

court order requiring a person to appear in court to give testimony or provide evidence

31
Q

Voir Dire

A

procedure in which the prosecutor and defense attorney question potential jurors to pick a jury

32
Q

A.L.R.

A

American Law Reports (followed by number to denote edition, e.g. A.L.R. 4th)

33
Q

F.

A

Federal Reporter (followed by number or letters to denote edition, appendix, etc., e.g. F.3d or F. App’x)

34
Q

Fed. R. Evid.

A

Federal Rules of Evidence, Vet. App.: West’s Veterans Appeals Reporter

35
Q

Corrections

A

systems responsible for the punishment and supervision of convicted criminals; through incarceration, through rehabilitation

36
Q

Absconder

A

person on parole who fails to report to his or her parole officer

37
Q

Civillian Staff

A

staff within a correctional facility who have no law enforcement authority

38
Q

Classification

A

process of determining type of housing and program access for a detainee or inmate by assessing risks of engaging in harmful behavior or being harmed while incarcerated

Incarcerated: imprison or confine

39
Q

Community Service

A

performance of labor or services in the public’s interest without pay as required by a sentence

40
Q

Concurrent Sentence

A

prison terms for two or more convictions to be served simultaneously rather than one following the other

41
Q

Contraband

A

prohibited item or substance which is smuggled into a correctional facility

Ex) Illegal drugs/certain weapons

42
Q

Detainee

A

person who is incarcerated while awaiting trial for an alleged crime

43
Q

Good-time Credits

A

days deducted from an inmate’s incarceration sentence for good behavior

44
Q

Inmate

A

individual convicted of a crime and committed to the custody of a jail or prison

45
Q

Parole

A

release of a prisoner from imprisonment, but not from legal custody and supervision

46
Q

Prison

A

correctional facility generally run by state or federal government and housing long-term inmates

47
Q

Probation

A

sentencing option in which the convicted offender is required to fulfill certain conditions

48
Q

Revocation

A

legal process in which an offender’s probation or parole is recalled because he or she fails to comply with the terms of release

49
Q

Sentence

A

sanction ordered by a court for a convicted offender

50
Q

Sworn Staff

A

uniformed staff in a correctional facility who have law enforcement powers and receive training to meet state and agency standards

51
Q

Work Release Program

A

program in which detainees or inmates are permitted to be employed or participate in educational programs, but must return to the facility at the end of each workday

52
Q

Alarm System

A

system of sensors, controls and annunciators arranged to detect and report an intrusion or other emergency

53
Q

Annunciator

A

device which announces an alarm via sound, light or other means

54
Q

Asset

A

any property, tangible or intangible, which is owned by an individual or company and can be assigned a monetary value

55
Q

Canned Message

A

pre-recorded message to be used in case of an emergency

56
Q

Contact List

A

list of contact information for team members and key players needed in an emergency

57
Q

Damage Assessment

A

process of evaluating injuries and loss of life, damage to property and status of facilities resulting from an emergency or incident

58
Q

Evacuation

A

planned, organized movement of people from a dangerous area

59
Q

Perimeter Protection

A

safegaurding of a boundary

60
Q

Silent Alarm

A

device which, when triggered, alerts security personnel and/or police of a disturbance without the knowledge of the intruder or criminal

61
Q

Surveillance

A

direct and deliberate observation of people and/or property

Federal Law Enforcement (2 decks)

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