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Criminalist > Intro To Criminal Investigation > Flashcards

Intro To Criminal Investigation Flashcards

1
Q

What is the search for the truth

A
  • Justice must be served
  • victims deserve closure
  • the good people must be protected
  • criminals must suffer the consequences for their actions
  • innocence or guilt is proven
  • must be good of all prejudices
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2
Q

Criminal investigators are more concerned with…

A

Reconstruction of the past

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3
Q

What are some traits of a successful investigator

A
  • able to recognize criminal activity
  • resourceful
  • curious and inquisitive
  • good observational senses
  • unbiased and objective
  • able to make friends and secures cooperation from others
  • self controlled and tactful
  • working knowledge of law
  • persistent and drive to work
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4
Q

What are the priorities in criminal investigation

A
  1. Proceed to scene safely
  2. Render aid
  3. Make the scene safe
  4. Find out what happen
  5. Effect the arrest
  6. Preserve and/or recover evidence
  7. Gather information
  8. Record the crime scene
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5
Q

While trying to preserve the scene should we destroy or change anything

A

No

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6
Q

While trying to preserve the scene should we add material that may be misleading

A

No

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7
Q

What should we consider when trying to preserve the scene

A

Trace evidence

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8
Q

While trying to preserve the scene should be move items

A

No, unless it is absolutely necessary

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9
Q

If we are processing the scene what should we do?

A

Identify the location and document the location before the evidence is recovered

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10
Q

Should we preserve blood and other bodily fluids

A

Yes

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11
Q

Should we allow victims, relatives, or others to clean up or put things back in order?

A

No, not until the investigation is complete.

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12
Q

When dealing with victims and all parties involved we should be…

A

Sensitive and use tact when explaining things

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13
Q

What should you do at YOUR crime scene

A

Document and keep precise records. Like arrival times, evidence recovered times, departure times

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14
Q

What kind of misconceptions do people have of The job

A

They believe what they see on television

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15
Q

What should you include in your scene diagrams?

A
  • All essential objects
  • include crucial distances
  • where items were found and recovered
  • path of suspects
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16
Q

What is Modus operandi (MO)

A

A particular way or method of doing something

How culprits go about doing their business

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17
Q

What is prima facie evidence

A

Evidence that is sufficient on its face value to establish a given fact

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18
Q

What is an interview?

A

Officer controlled conversation with a victim, witness, or anyone with information about the case

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19
Q

What are some general rules of interviewing

A
  • try to interview people separately
  • try to interview victim/complainant first, then eyewitness, then indirect witness, hostile witness, then suspect
  • know difference between interview and interrogation when questioning
  • consider persons emotional behavior (are they sober, rational, serious, consistent in their recollection
  • give priority to those emotionally distraught
  • motivate person to cooperate
  • use good communication skills
  • build rapport
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20
Q

An interrogation is

A

Officer dominated, accusatory exchange with the suspect

Deception can be used in interrogations

Interrogations are recorded

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21
Q

BEFORE any interrogation or interview what must be done

A

Read their Miranda Warning rights

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22
Q

What are the primary methods of documentation

A

Crime scene diagram or sketch

Photos

Reports and note taking

Video

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23
Q

A first responding officer should possess an understanding of what

A

The investigative process

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24
Q

Where can blood evidence be found

A

At the crime scene

On the victim

On the suspect

On a weapon

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25
Q

What are some factors that affect a search for evidence

A

Terrain

Environment

Size of the object

Exigency

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26
Q

After arriving on scene, what should the first responding officer do

A

Make the scene safe

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27
Q

What is the difference between an interview and an interrogation

A

An interview is an officer controlled conversation with a victim or witness

An interrogation is officer dominated accusatory exchange with the suspect

28
Q

What are the four types of fingerprints

A

Patent
Plastic
Latent
Inked (not found at scene)

29
Q

Criminal investigators are concerned with the reconstruction of what?

A

Past

30
Q

What services does the forensic biology lab provide?

A

Biological screening (blood, semen, saliva)

DNA (parentage, crime scene, CODIS)

31
Q

What services does the Forensic Biology lab NOT provide

A

ABO blood typing

Civil parentage testing

DNA testing for physical characteristics

Mitochondrial DNA analysis

Toxicology/STD testing

32
Q

What is parentage Testing (paternity testing)

A

Determining if a man is the biological father from

  • sex assault
  • sex with a minor
  • incest

Other types of parentage testing

  • kidnapping
  • missing persons
  • unidentified human remains
33
Q

What are some sources of biological evidence at crime scenes

A 
Blood
Semen
Saliva
Skin cells
Hair
Urine/feces
Tissue/bone/teeth
34
Q

What can we get DNA from during sexual assault evidence cases

A

Clothing

Condoms/tampon/sanitary napkin

Tissues/ paper towels

Bedsheets/ blankets

Objects used to penetrate

35
Q

Where can we get DNA evidence from in burglary and robbery cases

A 
Cans/bottles/cups/straws
Cigarette butts
Weapons
Tools
Duct tape / zip ties
Clothing
Items left behind
Blood like substances 
Touch DNA from interior door knobs and other surfaces
36
Q

What kind of DNA evidence can we get from UEMV and UCPV cases

A

Blood like substances inside the vehicle

Steering wheel

Gear shifter

Interior door handle

Cans/bottles/cups/straws

Left objects / clothing

Cigarette butts

37
Q

What does CODIS stand for

A

Combined DNA Index System

DNA database maintained by FBI

Purpose is to provide investigative leads

Exist at both state and national level

38
Q

Who qualifies for CODIS in Hawaii

A

Convicted offenders class A,B, C felons

Persons convicted of, pleads no contest to, obtained a DAG, found not guilty by reason of insanity

39
Q

When collecting biological evidence what should we do?

A
  • Wear gloves
  • recover entire items when possible
  • swab when recovery of entire item is not possible
  • protect evidence from contamination
  • package biological evidence in paper whenever possible (dry wet evidence before submitting it into evidence room)
  • protect DNA evidence from harsh environmental conditions.
40
Q

DNA can be found in which of the following

A) blood
B) semen
C) saliva
D) all the above

A

D) all the above

41
Q

When collecting Biological evidence you should:

A) package the evidence in a plastic bag
B) wear gloves
C) use bare hands to recover evidence
D) store evidence in your vehicle

A

B) wear gloves

42
Q

What services does firearm and tool mark unit provides

A
  • identify and test fire firearms for operability
  • Identify and test fire ammunition
  • comparison of bullets and cartridge cases
  • distance determination
  • serial number restoration
  • tool mark comparisons
43
Q

What is the purpose of test firing of firearms

A

Identify and test fire firearms for operability, including modified starter pistols, flare guns, sound suppressors, pellet/BB gun, electric gun devices

44
Q

What are the legal barrel lengths

A

For a rifle is 16 inches minimum

For shotgun is 18 inches minimum

45
Q

What are some collection and preservation of FIREARM evidence

A

Do NOT use tap to indicate firearm is safe

Do NOT wedge evidence tags, pen caps, etc

Note condition of firearm when recovered

46
Q

What are some collection and preservations of AMMUNITION

A

Do NOT use tape or sticker to label the cartridge or to keep them together

Package rimfire ammunition so that it will not discharge unintentionally

47
Q

Why do we performs tool mark comparison

A

Performed to determine if a particular tool was responsible for making a tool mark

48
Q

What is trace evidence

A

Small, microscopic, forms of physical evidence used to associate victims, suspects, objects, and crime scene

49
Q

What are some methods of transfer for trace evidence

A
  • primary transfer: Fiber or hair transferred by DIRECT CONTACT
  • secondary transfer: fiber or hair transferred by way of an intermediate surface to another

Person—->chair——>other person

50
Q

When collecting samples what should we do

A

Collect a standard or reference sample

51
Q

What are some types of trace evidence

A 
Hair
Fiber
Glass
Paint
Fireworks
Fire debris
Gunshot residue
52
Q

What are some collection methods

A

Hand picking (gloves or tweezers)

Cellophane tape

Post-it notes

53
Q

Firework evidence

A

Can be extremely dangerous so submit 3 into evidence and contact SSD to destroy the rest

54
Q

What is the nature of GSR

A

Microscopic metal particles that can be wiped or washed off

Can be transferred

Remains and hands for 4-6hours

GSR should be collected as soon as possible

55
Q

95-100% Accuracy in Matching

A

● Blood reference sample
● Buccal reference sample
● Fresh tissue (newly deceased, aborted fetuses)

56
Q

50-95% matching

A 
● Blood/Semen/Saliva stains on clothing or crime scenes
● Vaginal/Oral swabs from SATC kit
● Envelope flaps/Stamps
● Cigarette Butts
● Beer cans/bottles
● Condoms/tampons
● Toothbrushes/razors
57
Q

5-50% matching

A

● Anal swabs from SATC kit
● Fingernail/ scrapings
● Soda cans/ gum - sugar impairs ability
● Touch evidence - prolonged contact with the user increases chances

58
Q

0-5% matching

A

● Single Hairs
● Urine/feces
● Liquid blood stored at room temperature
● Decomposed/cremated remains

59
Q

What is a composite drawing?

A

Just a likeness of a person, it IS NOT exact.

60
Q

What are 7 basic facial characteristics used to do a sketch?

A 
● Headshape
● Hair style
● Ears
● Eyebrows
● Eyes
● Nose
● Mouth
NOTE: 4 or more are required!
61
Q

People can be classified generally by skull structure between which 3 races?

A

Caucasoid,
Negroid
Mongoloid

62
Q

What are the 3 ways to make measurements within a crime scene diagram/sketch?

A

● Rectangular Coordinates (indoor scenes, right angles, good for square or rectangular shapes)
● Baseline Coordinates (large outdoor scenes with items of interest scattered or where limited fixed objects are available)
● Triangulation Technique (mainly for outdoor scenes where right angles are not available, measurements made from two fixed points, and the distance is measured to complete a triangle)

63
Q

What are QUESTIONABLE DOCUMENTS

A

any object/written document that is suspected of not being true Examples:
● robbery notes
● threatening/harassment letters or notes
● forged/counterfeit checks
● forged/counterfeit credit cards
● forged/counterfeit receipts

64
Q

GSR Procedure

A

Use gloves

Start at the web area and work out toward the fingers

Sample the entire palm

65
Q

Hshshdjdjbdhdns

A

Ndjdjdjd

Criminalist (1 decks)

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