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Intro to Python 2021 > Intro to Computers and Programming > Flashcards

Intro to Computers and Programming Flashcards

1
Q

A set of instructions that a computer follows to perform a task

A

Program

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2
Q

Programs are commonly referred to as ____.

A

Software

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3
Q

A person with the training and skills necessary to design, create, and test computer programs

A

Programmer or software developer

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4
Q

All of the physical devices, or components, of which a computer is made

A

Hardware

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5
Q

The part of a computer that actually runs programs.

A

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

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6
Q

Today, CPU’s are small chips known as _____.

A

Microprocessors

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7
Q

Where the computer stores a program while the program is running, as well as the data that the program is working with

A

Main memory

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8
Q

Main memory is commonly known as ____

A

Random-access memory (RAM)

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9
Q

Memory that is used for temporary storage while a program is running and is erased when the computer is turned off

A

Volatile

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10
Q

Memory that can hold data for long periods of time, even when there is no power to the computer

A

Secondary storage

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11
Q

The most common type of secondary storage device

A

Disk drive

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12
Q

____ store data in solid-state memory, have no moving parts and operate faster than a traditional disk drive

A

Solid-state drive (SSD)

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13
Q

Small devices that plug into the computers USB port and appear to the system as a disk drive

A

USB drives

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14
Q

USB drives store data in a special type of memory known as ____

A

Flash memory

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15
Q

USB drives are also known as ___ and ____

A

Memory sticks, flash drives

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16
Q

Any data the computer collects from people and from other devices

A

Input

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17
Q

The component that collects input data and sends to the computer

A

Input device

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18
Q

Any data the computer produces for people or for other devices

A

Output

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19
Q

Programs that control and manage the basic operations of a computer

A

System software

20
Q

The most fundamental set of programs on a computer and controls the internal operations of the computers hardware

A

Operating system (OS)

21
Q

Performs a specialized task that enhances the computers operation or safeguards data

A

Utility program

22
Q

Programs that programmers use to create, modify, and test software

A

Software development tools

23
Q

Programs that make a computer useful for everyday tasks (i.e. Word, PowerPoint)

A

Application software

24
Q

Tiny storage locations that a computers memory is divided into

A

Bytes

25
Q

Each byte is divided into eight smaller storage locations known as ___

A

Bits (binary digits)

26
Q

A set of 128 numeric codes that represent the English letters, various punctuation marks, and other characters.

A

American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII)

27
Q

An extensive encoding scheme that is compatible with ASCII, but can also represent characters for many of the languages in the world

A

Unicode

28
Q

Term used to describe anything that uses binary numbers

A

Digital

29
Q

Data that is stored in binary format

A

Digital data

30
Q

Any device that works with binary data

A

Digital device

31
Q

Tiny dots of color that compose an image

A

Pixels

32
Q

A digital song is broken into small pieces known as ____

A

Samples

33
Q

The entire set of instructions that a CPU can execute

A

Instruction set

34
Q

When a CPU executed the instructions in a program, it is engaged in a process known as the ____

A

Fetch-decode-execute cycle

35
Q

An alternative to machine language that uses short words known as mnemonics

A

Assembly language

36
Q

A special program used to translate an assembly language program into a machine language program

A

Assembler

37
Q

Programming languages that allow you to create powerful and complex programs without knowing how the CPU works and without writing large numbers of low-level instructions

A

High-level languages

38
Q

Words that make up a high-level programming language

A

Keywords or reserved words

39
Q

Perform various operations on data

A

Operators

40
Q

Set of rules that must be strictly followed when writing a program

A

Syntax

41
Q

Individual instructions that you use to write a program in a high-level programming language

A

Statements

42
Q

Program that translates a high-level language program into a separate machine language program

A

Compiler

43
Q

Program that both translates and executes the instructions in a high-level language program

A

Interpreter

44
Q

Statements that a programmer writes in a high-level language

A

Source code or code

45
Q

A mistake such as a misspelled keyword, a missing punctuation character, or the incorrect use of an operator

A

Syntax error

Intro to Python 2021 (9 decks)

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