Intro to Cognitive Bias Flashcards
Self-serving Bias
The tendency to believe that external factors cause personal failure, yet individual decisions lead to personal successes.
Optimism Bias
The disproportionate overestimation of the likelihood of positive outcomes.
Placebo Effect
Benefits occur after the administration of an inactive or fake substance or treatment.
Group Bias
The personal tendency to favour ideas, individuals, or behaviours that belong to a common social group rather than judging on merit.
Current Belief Bias
The rationalization of an idea that supports existing personal beliefs.
Reactance Bias
The tendency to prefer the opposite of what someone is trying to impose.
Confirmation Bias
The tendency to favour things that confirm existing personal beliefs.
Curse Knowledge Fallacy
The tendency to assume that learned knowledge and/or concepts should be obvious to others.
Sunk Cost Fallacy
The irrational persistence to cling to things that have already cost something.
Bystander Effect
The assumption that someone else will take action.
Availability Heuristic Bias
Judgement is influenced by what springs most easily to mind.
Recent, emotionally powerful, or unusual thoughts and memories can make them seem more relevant.
Groupthink
The social dynamics of a group situation override the best outcome.
Pessimism Bias
The disproportionate overestimation of the likelihood of negative outcomes.
Halo Effect Bias
Personal attraction to or, preference for an individual unduly influences judgement of that individual.
Just World Fallacy
Personal preference for a just world makes one presume that it exists.
Negativity Bias
Disproportionate overestimation of the likelihood of negative outcomes.
Spotlight Effect
Overestimating how much others notice and think about how you think and act.
Fundamental Attribution Error
The tendency to judge others on their character,
but self on the situation.
Dunning-Kruger Effect
The more you know,
the less confident you are likely to be.
Conversely, it is easy to be over-confident when you have only a simple idea of how things are.
Declinism
Remembering the past as better than it was, and expecting the future to be worse than it will likely be.
Framing Bias
Undue influence by context and delivery.
Initial Anchoring Bias
The judgement of information presented first influences judgement of all following information
Core Backfire Effect
Challenging and individual’s core beliefs can cause strong opposition to an otherwise reasonable concept.
Barnum Connection Effect
Relating very personal specifics in vague statements by filling the gaps.
Hindsight Bias
The tendency to imagine that events in the past were more predictable than they actually were.
