Intro to Cognitive Bias

Question 1

Self-serving Bias

Answer 1

The tendency to believe that external factors cause personal failure, yet individual decisions lead to personal successes.

Question 2

Optimism Bias

Answer 2

The disproportionate overestimation of the likelihood of positive outcomes.

Question 3

Placebo Effect

Answer 3

Benefits occur after the administration of an inactive or fake substance or treatment.

Question 4

Group Bias

Answer 4

The personal tendency to favour ideas, individuals, or behaviours that belong to a common social group rather than judging on merit.

Question 5

Current Belief Bias

Answer 5

The rationalization of an idea that supports existing personal beliefs.

Question 6

Reactance Bias

Answer 6

The tendency to prefer the opposite of what someone is trying to impose.

Question 7

Confirmation Bias

Answer 7

The tendency to favour things that confirm existing personal beliefs.

Question 8

Curse Knowledge Fallacy

Answer 8

The tendency to assume that learned knowledge and/or concepts should be obvious to others.

Question 9

Sunk Cost Fallacy

Answer 9

The irrational persistence to cling to things that have already cost something.

Question 10

Bystander Effect

Answer 10

The assumption that someone else will take action.

Question 11

Availability Heuristic Bias

Answer 11

Judgement is influenced by what springs most easily to mind.

Recent, emotionally powerful, or unusual thoughts and memories can make them seem more relevant.

Question 12

Groupthink

Answer 12

The social dynamics of a group situation override the best outcome.

Question 13

Pessimism Bias

Answer 13

The disproportionate overestimation of the likelihood of negative outcomes.

Question 14

Halo Effect Bias

Answer 14

Personal attraction to or, preference for an individual unduly influences judgement of that individual.

Question 15

Just World Fallacy

Answer 15

Personal preference for a just world makes one presume that it exists.

Question 16

Negativity Bias

Answer 16

Disproportionate overestimation of the likelihood of negative outcomes.

Question 17

Spotlight Effect

Answer 17

Overestimating how much others notice and think about how you think and act.

Question 18

Fundamental Attribution Error

Answer 18

The tendency to judge others on their character,

but self on the situation.

Question 19

Dunning-Kruger Effect

Answer 19

The more you know,

the less confident you are likely to be.

Conversely, it is easy to be over-confident when you have only a simple idea of how things are.

Question 20

Declinism

Answer 20

Remembering the past as better than it was, and expecting the future to be worse than it will likely be.

Question 21

Framing Bias

Answer 21

Undue influence by context and delivery.

Question 22

Initial Anchoring Bias

Answer 22

The judgement of information presented first influences judgement of all following information

Question 23

Core Backfire Effect

Answer 23

Challenging and individual’s core beliefs can cause strong opposition to an otherwise reasonable concept.

Question 24

Barnum Connection Effect

Answer 24

Relating very personal specifics in vague statements by filling the gaps.

Question 25

Hindsight Bias

Answer 25

The tendency to imagine that events in the past were more predictable than they actually were.