Intro to chemistry- topic 3.1

Question 1

liquid to gas

Answer 1

evaporation

Question 2

liquid to solid

Answer 2

solidification/freezing

Question 3

gas to liquid

Answer 3

condensation

Question 4

solid to gas

Answer 4

sublimation

Question 5

gas to solid

Answer 5

deposition/boiling

Question 6

solid particle arrangement

Answer 6

touching, vibrate around fixed positions, ordered

Question 7

liquid particle arrangement

Answer 7

touching, random arrangement, close together, brush past each other

Question 8

gas particle arrangement

Answer 8

aren’t touching, complete random arrangement, spread out far apart, moving freely

Question 9

physical change

Answer 9

no new substance formed, reversable

Question 10

chemical change

Answer 10

new substance formed, irreversible

Question 11

interconversion

Answer 11

changing state to next

Question 12

diffusion of gases

Answer 12

particles spread out from where there are lots of particles (high concentration) to where there is a lower concentration until they are thoroughly mixed, don’t occur in solids

when gases meet, form ring of ammonium chloride- closer to one end then the other

Question 13

Element

Answer 13

simplest substance, made up of one type of atom, can’t be broken down

Question 14

periodic table arrangement 1

Answer 14

first is atomic mass then atomic symbol then atomic number

Question 15

periodic table arrangement 2

Answer 15

vertical are groups, horizontal are periods

Question 16

metal properties

Answer 16

solid, high melting point, electrical conductor, thermal conductor, shiny when polished, high density, hard and strong, oxides are bases, malleable and ductile

Question 17

non-metal properties

Answer 17

solid/liquid/gas, low melting point, electrical insulator, thermal insulator, dull, low density, brittle, oxides are acids, not malleable or ductile

Question 18

Separation of non-metal and metal on periodic table

Answer 18

non-metals starts from under boron in a zigzag till it reaches bottom, the rest are metals

Question 19

compound

Answer 19

two or more different types of atoms chemically bonded together

Question 20

carbon

Answer 20

black solid, powdered form, orange glow, acidic oxide

Question 21

iron

Answer 21

wool grey consistency, grey strands, white orange sparks, basic oxide (alkaline)

Question 22

sulfur

Answer 22

pale yellow solid, powdered form, burns with blue flame, white smoke solid, acidic oxide

Question 23

magnesium

Answer 23

shiny grey solid, ribbon form, white bright light, white solid formed, basic oxide (alkaline)

Question 24

thermal decomposition

Answer 24

heat energy used to break down substance

Question 25

word equation for thermal deposition of carbon dioxide

Answer 25

copper carbonate ----> copper oxide + carbon dioxide

Question 26

mixture

Answer 26

two or more element and compounds not chemically bonded together

Question 27

solvent

Answer 27

The liquid in which the solute is dissolved in a solution

Question 28

solute

Answer 28

The substance to be dissolved in a solution

Question 29

solution

Answer 29

a transparent mixture of a solvent with a solute dissolved in it

Question 30

saturated

Answer 30

a solution in which no more solute can dissolve

Question 31

suspension

Answer 31

a solid present in a solution as it didn't dissolve

Question 32

word equation to prove a liquid contains water

Answer 32

anhydrous copper (II) sulphate + water ----> hydrated copper (II) sulphate

Question 33

pure substance

Answer 33

fixed melting/boiling point

Question 34

mixture substance

Answer 34

melt/boil over a range of temperatures

Question 35

nitrogen's abundance in air

Answer 35

78%

Question 36

oxygen's abundance in air

Answer 36

21%

Question 37

argon's abundance in air

Answer 37

1%

Question 38

carbon-dioxide's abundance in air

Answer 38

0.04%

Question 39

% of oxygen in air

Answer 39

change in volume/total volume of air x 100 - subtract syringe at the start from syringe at the end, add syringe at the start to volume of air, multiply the sum of first calculation by 100 and divide by answer to the second calculation to get the answer, less than 21%= not heated long enough

Question 40

red phosphorus

Answer 40

the water level rises in bell jar and the air in the jar reduces, used up by 21%

Question 41

iron word equation

Answer 41

iron + oxygen -----> iron (III) oxide (hydrated)