Intro to Chemistry-Scientific Method-Classification of Matter

Question 1

Chemistry

Answer 1

A study of matter and interconversions

Question 2

Matter

Answer 2

Substance or Mixture

Matter is made up of Mass and Space (Volume)

Question 3

Energy

Answer 3

Measure of movement and potential of matter

Question 4

3rd Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 4

• a pure substance at zero kelvin has entropy (disorder movement)
• At Zero Kelvin Energy Stops
• -273C=0 Kelvin

Question 5

Substance

Answer 5

Pure (only one type of matter)
Elements- Atoms
Compounds- Molecules

Question 6

Mixture

Answer 6

More than one substance physically combined

Question 7

Extensive

Answer 7

• depends on amount
• Mass
• Volume
• Light Transmittance

Question 8

Intensive

Answer 8

• Independent of amount
• Color
• Density
• Hardness

Question 9

Physical (Observable)

Answer 9

• States of Matter
• Color
• Melting

Question 10

Chemical (Results from Reaction)

Answer 10

• Reactivity

- Electronegativity

Question 11

Melting

Answer 11

Solid-> Liquid

Question 12

Vaporization

Answer 12

Liquid->Gas

Question 13

Sublimination

Answer 13

Solid->Gas

Question 14

Freezing

Answer 14

Liquid->Solid

Question 15

Condensation

Answer 15

Gas->Liquid

Question 16

Deposition

Answer 16

Gas->Solid

Question 17

Composition Changes

Answer 17

Atoms rearrange

Question 18

Process

Answer 18

New Compounds or elements formed

Question 19

Filtration

Answer 19

particle size

Question 20

Chromatography

Answer 20

affinity to solvent

Question 21

Distillation

Answer 21

Boiling Point

Question 22

Quarks

Answer 22

Make up protons and neutrons; partially charged particles

Question 23

Protons

Answer 23

2/3+2/3+-1/3= 3/3=+1

Question 24

Neutrons

Answer 24

1/2+1/3+-2/3=0

Question 25

Significant Figure Rule 1

Answer 25

All Non-Zero Integers are significant

-7.3651=5 SF

Question 26

Significant Figure Rule 2

Answer 26

Sandwiched Zeroes are significant
5012=4 SF
12.105=5 SF

Question 27

Significant Figure Rule 3

Answer 27

Leading Zeros are Insignificant

0.123=3 SF

Question 28

Significant Figure Rule 4

Answer 28

Trailing Zeros
A-Left Decimal
   -If Decimal than significant
   -If no decimal then insignificant
B-Right Decimal- Significant

Question 29

Dimensional Analysis

Answer 29

a method to convert units

Question 30

Steps for Dimensional Analysis

Answer 30

1. Start w given value
2. Set up conversion factor so units cancel out on the diagonal
3. Put a 1 w/ bigger unit value
4. Multiply across the top: Divide across the bottom
5. Sig Figs

Question 31

Dimensional Analysis Requirements

Answer 31

Every Number MUST have a unit
Conversion Units are exact
Check Sig Figs, circle Atoms

Question 32

Derived Units

Answer 32

combination of 2 units or a squared or cubed unit

Question 33

Scientific Method Steps

Answer 33

1. Observe
2. Hypothesis
3. Experiments
4. Analysis
5. Conclusion

Question 34

Pure Substance

Answer 34

have a uniform and definite composition

• gold, silver, helium, oxygen
• elements and compounds

Question 35

Mixture

Answer 35

two+ pure substances physically mixed together

-no definite composition

Question 36

Heterogenous Mixture

Answer 36

• no uniform composition
• can see pieces that make it up
• trailmix

Question 37

Homogenous Mixture

Answer 37

parts of the mixture cannot be separated

-sugar

Question 38

Law of Conservation of Mass

Answer 38

in any chemical or physical change, matter cannot be created or destroyed