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SAT - Chemistry > Intro to Chemistry > Flashcards

Intro to Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

Matter

A

Anything that occupies space and has mass. (states = solid, liquid and gas)

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2
Q

Mass

A

The quantity of matter which a substance possesses and, depending on the gravitational force acting on it, has a unit of weight assigned to it.

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3
Q

Weight formula

A

w = mg

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4
Q

Inertia

A

property of mass to resist a chang eof position or motion

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5
Q

Density

A

D = m (g) / V (cm^3 or mL) grams/liter

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6
Q

distinct substance

A

substance that can be subdivided inot the smlalest particle that still has the properties of that substance

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7
Q

element

A

made up of only one atom

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8
Q

compound

A

multiple atoms joined together

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9
Q

Law of Definite composition (or Proportions)

A

compounds are made by combining atoms of two or more elements in a definite proportion or ratio by mass

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10
Q

Molecule

A

smallest naturally occurring unit of a compound

has a definite shape determined by how the atoms are bonded to or combined with each other

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11
Q

Mixtures

A
  1. Composition is indefinite (generally heterogeneous) ex. marble
  2. Properties of the constituents are retained
  3. Parts of the mixture react differently to changed conditions
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12
Q

Distinct Substances

A

Elements:

  1. Composition is made up of one kind of atom Ex. nitrogen, gold, neon
  2. All parts are the same throughout (homogeneous)

Compound:

  1. Composition is definite (homogeneous) Ex. water carbon dioxide
  2. All parts react the same
  3. Properties of the compound are distinct and different from the properties of the individual elements that are combined in its make-up
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13
Q

Heterogeneous

A

Of or denoting a process involving substances in different phases (solid, liquid, or gaseous) Ex. Granite, Wood, blood)

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14
Q

Homogeneous

A

similar or similar kind of nature Ex. air, sugar in water, stainless steel)

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15
Q

Physical Properties

A

Can usually be observed with our senses

Include everything about a substance that can be noted when no change is occurring in the type of structure that makes up its smallest component

Ex. physical state, color, odor, solubility in water, density, melting point, taste, boiling point, and hardness

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16
Q

Chemical properties

A

properties that can be observed in regard to whether or not a substance changes chemically, often as a result of reacting with other substances.

Ex. iron rusts in moist air, nitrogen does not burn, gold does not rust, sodium reacts with water, silver does not react with water, and water can be decomposed by an electric current.

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17
Q

Physical change

A

Alters some aspect of the physical properties of matter, but the composition remains constant.

Most altered are form and state

Ex. breaking glass, cutting wood, melting ice, and magnetizing a piece of metal, water changing its state

18
Q

Chemical change

A

Changes in the composition and structure of a substance that are always accompanied by an energy change

19
Q

Exothermic reaction

A

energy given off (heat or light or both)

20
Q

endothermic reaction

A

absorb more energy

21
Q

Activation energy

A

the energy necessary to get the reaction going by increasing the energy of the reactants so they can combine

Know how to read graphs

22
Q

Law of conservation of Matter

A

The mass of the reactants equals the mass of the products.

Matter can neither be created nor destroyed, but only changed from one to another

23
Q

Energy

A

the capacity to do work

done whenever a force is applied over a distance

Anything that can force matter to move to change speed, or to change direction has energy.

Charge = stored energy

24
Q

Work

A

Measured in Joules

Kilocalaries: 4.18x10E3 joules (J) = 2 kilocalorie

25
Q

Forms of Energy

A

Energy in reaction is evolved heat

Light, sounds, mechanical energy, electrical energy, and chemical energy

Potential energy = stored energy due to overcoming forces in nature

Kinetic energy = energy of motion

26
Q

enthalpy

A

Delta H = H products - H reactants

Delta H > 0 = endothermic

Delta H

27
Q

Law of Conservation of Energy

A

Energy is neither created nor destroyed in ordinary physical and chemical changes

28
Q

Law of Conservation of Mass and Energy

A

Mass and Energy are interchangeable under special conditions

E = mc^2
E = Mass x (Velocity of light)^2
29
Q

SI Base Units

A

mass - kilogram

length - meter

time - second

electric current - ampere

temperature - kelvin

amount of substance - mole

luminous intensity - candela (cd) - rarely used

30
Q

Prefixes used with SI Units

A

hecto - h - 100 - 10^2

deka - da - 10 - 10^1

deci - d - 0.1 - 10^-1

centi - c - 0.01 - 10^-2

milli - m - 0.002 - 10^-3

micro - mu - 10^-6

nano - n - 10^-9

pico - p - 10^-12

31
Q

10 mm = ? cm

A

1 cm

32
Q

100 cm = ? m

A

1 meter

33
Q

1,000 m = ? km

A

1 km

34
Q

1,000 mL = ? L

A

1 L

35
Q

1,000 cm^3 = ? L

A

1 L

36
Q

1 mL = ? cm^3

A

1 cm^3

37
Q

1,000 mg = ? g

A

1 g

38
Q

1,000 g = ? kg

A

1 kg

39
Q

Temperature Conversion Factors

A

K = C + 273

C = K - 273

40
Q

Calorie

A

Raise 1 gram of water by 1 degree C

41
Q

1 carolie = ? joules

A

4.18 joules

SAT - Chemistry (4 decks)

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