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intro to chemical industry Flashcards

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1
Q

first chemical to be ever produced in large amounts

A

H2SO4 sulfiric acid

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2
Q

source of potash?

A

wood ashes

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3
Q

whats was the uses of soda ash or potash?

A

in the production of glass textile soaps and paper

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4
Q

who built leblanc process in 1791?

A

nicolas leblanc

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5
Q

what does leblanc process produce?

A

soduim sulfate (caustic soda) NaOH from sea salt

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6
Q

who built the solvey process?

A

a bulgian industrial chemist ernest solvay

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7
Q

when did it start to replace the leblanc process ?

A

1915

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8
Q

amoniam bicarbonate+ ____ –> NaHCO3+NH4Cl

A

Nacl

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9
Q

what is NaHCO3?

A

sodium hydrogen carbonate

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10
Q

what is the three industrial that was developed in uae?

A

1- refineries ( adnoc)
2- fertilizers plants ( fertil )
3- aluminuim smelters ( dubal )

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11
Q

difference between chemistry and chemical engineering?

A

chemistry is the science behind products whereas chemical eng focuses on manufacturing those products.

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12
Q

give me three skilss for a successful chemist

A

laboratory skills
product development
and communication

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13
Q

give me three skills for a successful chemical engineer

A

technical skills
project management
collaboration

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14
Q

what is chemical engineering

A

production and manufacturing of products through chemical processes

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15
Q

what is the chemical processes

A

designing equipment, system
processes for refining raw materials
mixing compounding and processing chemicals

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16
Q

a chemical engineer typical tasks :

A

conducting research
designing and planning
monitoring and optimizing

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17
Q

where is chemical engineering used?

A

aerospace
biomedical
electronic

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18
Q

whats hazard?

A

chemical or physical condition tha has the potential to cause injury

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19
Q

whats process safety

A

proactive to prevent potential risks which may involve improved safety

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20
Q

chemical hazards

A

is any substance that can cause a health problem when ingested or inhaled

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21
Q

examples of chemical hazards

A

co
ammonia
chlorine

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22
Q

what are the effects of hcl

A

sharp cough
breathing difficulty
internal bleeding

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23
Q

risk is?

A

the measurement probability of occurence and severity of consequences

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24
Q

difference between occupational safety and process safety

A

occupational safety: workplace safety and indiviual workers safety
process safety involves preventing extreme hazars that deals with chemicals

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25
chemical industry
is a complex of processes operations and organization engaged in the manufacture of chemicals and their derivatives
26
examples of chemical industries
petrochemicals ceramic production fragrances and flavours agrochemicals
27
types of chemical industries
basic chemicals specialty chemicals consumer products pharmaceuticals
28
types of chemical reaction
combination decomposition substitution double replacement
29
what is a combustion reaction?
it is a special combination reaction an exothermic reaction where substances react with oxygen gas, releasing energy in form of light aand heat
30
whats a difference between a batch and continuoes production process
a batch production process: producing items in groups stage by stage a continoues production process: the reactants materials are continouesly added into the reaction vessel.
31
gangue is?
impurity in the ore
32
ore is?
a deposit of precious minerals in the earth crust, a mixture of valuable minerals toghether with unwanted rocks and minerals.
33
examples of ore
copper silver iron
34
when is the ore considered a gangue?
when the concentration of minerals/ metals is too low to justify
35
whats a run-of-mine?
mined ores materials that have not been treated
36
list the stages of mineral processing
comminution separation and liberation
37
what happens in the comminution stage?
liberation stage of crushing and grinding the rock into minerals and gangue
38
processes of comminution is
crushing screening gridding classification
39
seperation methods stages
sorting gravity and dense medium separation magnetic seperation froth flotation
40
liberation and separation is to
recover and concentrate valuable minerals
41
sulphuric acid manufacturing from two materials
from elemental sulfur SO2 from pyrite FeS2
42
what catalyst is used to produce sulphuric acid from elemental sulfur?
vanadium pentoxide
43
a method of producing sulphuric acid by oxidizing SO2 with moist air .
chamber process
44
bauxite is a mixture of
aluminuim hydroxide iron oxide titanuim dioxide kaolinite
45
whats the percentage of aluminium oxide that is present in bauxite?
30 - 60%
46
what happens in the bayer process
bauxite is crushed mixed in a solution of soduim hydroxide and seeded with crystals to precepitate aluminuim hydroxide.
47
list the processes of production of aluminuim
digestion clarification precipitation calcination
48
soap are made of:
natural plant oil and fats like coconut vegetable oil or animal fat
49
detergents are:
soaps that are made of synthetic organic materials containing branched
50
most commen detergents are
alkylbenzene sulfonates
51
why is detergents stronger than soaps?
because its is meant to be used for greasy or oily buildups on surfaces and others
52
list the four basic raw materials in manufacturing soap
oils and fats soda lye or potash lye brine additives
53
what are the soap production methods
cold process hot process semi-bioled process
54
what are the industrial soap production process?
saponification glycerin removal soap purification finishing
55
saponification calculation formula is
sv=56.1x(b-s)n/w where sv is saponification value b = standerd hydrochloric acid for blank s = standard hydrochloric acid for sample n = normality of standard hydrochloric acid w = weight in gm of the oil/fat
56
amount of x saponification = ?
amount of lye
57
amount of lye/0.3 = ?
total weight of lye water solution
58
total weight of lye water solution - amount of lye= ?
amount of water
59
detergent is produced in the form of :
powder or liquid
60
formulation of different ingredient that are:
active LAB soduim carbonate soduim metasilicate Na2SIO3 soduim bicarbonate oil soluble yellow color etc.
61
what does LAB stand for?
L linear A alklyl B benzene
62
detergent production ingredient include:
solvent surfactant additives
63
a spray dried process is:
the process of producing detergents through mixing ingredient heating them and then spraying down the droplets into current of hot air which forms granules as they dry. then cool it and add additives
64
definition of fertilizers
natural or synthetic nurturing compounds that improve plants growth by enhancing soil fertility
65
example organic fertilizers:
agricultural waste livestock manure industrial waste
66
example of inorganic fertilizers
nitrogen fertilizers phosphorus fertilizers potassuim fertilizers
67
uses of fertilizers
provide additional nutrients to the soil
68
process of fertilizers that are knowen
haber process ostwald process
69
all inorganic fertilizers share the same step and it is ?
mixing nitrogen from the air with hydrogen from natural gas at high tempreture and pressure to create ammonia!
70
what are the industrial gases
nitrogen oxygen CO2 argon hydrogen helium acetylene
71
whats a cryogenic seperation
a processes that involve air seperation where its divided into basic primery components
72
what is the pulp and paper come from/ main component?
forest wood specifically heartwood or sap wood
73
what part is heartwood and sap wood?
sapwood is the outer of the wood stemor branch where heartwood is the inner part of the wood branch
74
whats the prosses of turning wood into pulp and paper?
chipping and screening of wood cellulose fibers is produced to make pulp by seperating the fibers from wood then pulp is fed to the paper machine to produce paper
75
nuclear fission is
the splitting a heavy atomic nucleus such a uranuim
76
nuclear power plants use ______. produced during the nuclear fission to ______ water. (one word for the same blanks)
heat
77
what are the components of a nuclear power plants
nuclear reactor steam generation turbine and generator cooling towers
78
the advantages of nuclear power plants is that..
they dont produce green house gases because they dont use fossil fuels
79
natural or synthetic pigment provides?
color and hide imprefection
80
synthetic pigments can be
food colorantsa/additives dye or pigment
81
example of synthetic pigments are
tartrazine allura red AC Quinoline yellow sunset yellow FCF
82
types of pigment
prime titanuim dioxide colorants
83
dyes
colorants that are soluble in water at some stage during use
84
main ingredients of paint
pigment binders solvents additives
85
ceramics definition
any hard brittle heat resistant and corrion resistant material made by shaping and then firing an inorganic clay based inorganics compound shaped and then hardened through heat
86
advantages of ceramics
good thermal and electrical insulators and possess good resistants to oxidation and corrosion
87
types of ceramics
earthenware stoneware porcelain
88
what type of ceramics temperature was fired at 1000 to 1150 celcius
earthenware
89
what type of ceramics tempreture was fired at 1100 to 1300 celcuis
stoneware
90
what type of ceramics tempreture was fired at 1200 to 1400 celcuis
porcelain
91
what is the major raw materials for the production of glass
lime silica soda
92
glass manufacturing process steps are
melting float bath coating annealing inspecting cutting

intro to chems (1 decks)

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