Intro to Chem and Analytic Methods Flashcards
Spectrophotometry
is a method to measure how much a chemical substance absorbs light by measuring the intensity of light as a beam of light passes through sample solution. The basic principal is that each compound absorbs or transmit light over a certain range of wavelength.
Consist of two devices; a spectrometer and a photometer.
Spectrometer
a device that produces, typically disperses and measures light.
What is clinical chemistry?
The soluble mediators that are in the liquid potions of the body.
True or False: We only use serum for a lot of our tests.
False. We have newer methods that allows us to use both serum and plasma for a lot of our tests.
What is an advantage of using plasma over serum?
You don’t have to wait the 30 minutes for plasma like you need to for serum. So you don’t need to worry about waiting for a specimen to clot before spinning it and test it quicker.
True or False: We use chemistry to evaluate acid base balance, electrolyte and water abnormalities.
True
True or False: one test can tell you what’s going on with a patient.
False: one test will not tell you what’s going on with a patient.
What is metabolic disease?
Is an all encompassing diagnosis of somebody who’s overweight and out of shape, and showing evidence of disequilibrium in a test.
What is the number one cause of metabolic disease in the western world?
Obesity
What would be the primary cause of a person dying from a heart attack?
Metabolic disease.
True or False: Liver disease is rare.
False: Liver disease is very common. In the lab we see both acute and chronic phases of liver disease.
When looking at liver disease in patients, what are we looking for in the lab?
We are looking at enzymes and byproducts of liver detoxification.
True or False: if a disease is present, we would want to see elevations in different biomarkers.
True.
True or False: renal disease can only be chronic.
False. There is bother acute kidney disease and chronic renal disease
Acute kidney disease vs. chronic
In acute, we see inflammation in the tissue. In chronic conditions, there is scar tissue being present and it’s only taking up space and not being functional.
True or False: Diabetes has similar biomarkers as kidney disease.
True. Diabetes you have the inability to store glucose, so your body redirects that glucose into your kidneys, and over time your kidneys become unable to cope with that extra glucose.
What does a BMP stand for and what does it compose of?
Basic Metabolic Panel. It is compose of Glucose, Albumin, Total Protein, Sodium, Potassium, Chloride, BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen), Creatinine, and CO2. (9+)
What does CMP stand for and what does it compose of?
Complete Metabolic Panel. It is compose of a BMP with a liver panel. The liver panel includes Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), and Total Bilirubin. (4+)
What test will be affected by fasting?
Glucose and triglycerides
What is the Matrix?
Matrix is a specimen type that we use. The matrix that we are using for testing is typically plasma or serum. Matrix can also be urine, feces, and other body fluids.
How is the matrix tested?
Every single test undergoes a unique reaction with a unique reagent. Reaction produce by a color change by the reagent and compound in question. Color change will either be directly or inversely proportional to the concentration of the unknown, given a standard concentration. We used closed systems and ultimo focused light spectra in quantitating color change of the reaction.